Distributive vs Integrative Bargaining

Distributive and integrative bargaining requires different strategies, tactics and skill sets in a negotiator to be successfully implemented. Distributive bargaining is know as a win-lose situation based on a fixed amount that has to be divided, whereas integrative bargaining is a win-win situation based on a mutually satisfactory solution. Distributive bargaining is most often referred to as a fixed pix negotiation. There is only so much to go around and it creates a competitive or sometimes argumentative negotiation with both sides vying to get the bigger share.This style negotiation is typically used between parties that have no prior history, and little likelihood of future negotiations. There are many different strategies used in a distributive negotiation, one of which is assessing the other party’s target and resistance points. This can be very hard for a negotiator to accomplish, as there is very little sharing of information in this style of negotiation. Both parties keep information to themselves, as they do not want the opposing side to be able to determine their room to maneuver in, as they want to get the best deal or bigger part of the pie for themselves.Along with this is a negotiating strategy is to manage the other party’s impressions; this can be done by passing along false information or incomplete information to keep another negotiator in the dark. There are many different tactics used in distributive bargaining. One seen in different forms is the use of delaying tactics. This can be done two ways, first by having a negotiator that lacks the power to make a final decision. This adds more time to a negotiation while the agreement is presented to the person who has the authority to approve or reject the agreement.The second delay tactic is by delaying the negotiation past a deadline and thereby incurring a cost or penalty to the other negotiator. However, the most known type of distributive bargaining tactics is the use of hardba ll tactics. Hardball tactics take different forms, but consist for a negotiator taking a firm stand or position and intimidate, push or bully their position onto the other negotiator. Some of these methods include good cop bad cop, lowball and highball, nibble and snow jobs. Integrative bargaining is referred to as increasing the pie in negotiation.This style encourages cooperation to join forces together to create something that works best for both parties. This approach focuses on commonalities rather than differences and working towards a common goal or objective. One of the strategies here is to share information and ideas to create understanding of what is being negotiated to better develop alternate solutions. This is very different from the distributive style as there is no collaboration or information sharing in that approach.Integrative strategies focus on thinking outside the box to create new and unusual solutions whereas distributive is very focused on their positions an d do not look to the parties needs. Integrative tactics includes compromise, unlike distributive bargaining. Compromise actually has many different forms and does not mean that both sides give up something. Variations of compromise include logrolling, creating bridge solutions, cutting the cost for compliance and nonspecific compensation.Both strategies require skill sets that will take time and experience to develop, however integrative strategy is the more difficult one to develop and implement. Integrative bargaining is a mind-set that a negotiator must live and cannot just give lip service to. Without committing to an integrative style from the very beginning a negotiator can send mixed signals and cause confusion in a negotiation. A negotiator must also be able to â€Å"sell† the integrative approach to everyone at the negotiation and be able to move the negotiation towards a collaborative effort.

Code of conduct

Those principles operate in injunction with our values (as described by our CEO above) and our policies and procedures. At the heart of each of the principles is the imperative to uphold the reputation of the Weakest Group. We all have a role to play in ensuring that the Group's reputation is strengthened and not harmed by our conduct, whatever work we do and wherever we are located. Remember this simple test to determine if our proposed conduct is appropriate: would we be happy to see that conduct reported on the front page of a newspaper?The Code has the full support of the Board and the Executive Team and we take compliance with the Code very seriously. If you breach the Code then you may face disciplinary action, including termination of your employment. You also have a responsibility to report immediately any breaches by a colleague to your manager or team leader or your Human Resources or Compliance business unit representative. Do the same even if you are unsure if there has b een a breach.Our Whistler's Protection Policy outlines all reporting channels, as well as the process for raising concerns anonymously. Here is some more detail about each of the principles in the Code. We do the right thing because it is the right thing to do. Honesty and integrity go hand-in-hand. They guide us in making decisions, so that we make the correct choices between right and wrong. There is no room for compromise: if we do not act with honesty and integrity 100% of the time, we are undeserving of the trust of our customers, colleagues, community and shareholders.Here are some examples of how we act with honesty and integrity: we do not use funds, property or information belonging to he Weakest Group or our customers for our personal benefit and nor do we help others to do so; we immediately report dishonest behavior by our colleagues and customers; we do not offer or give bribes, facilitation payments or other benefits to influence others, nor accept bribes or other bene fits; we keep records of our dealings with customers and suppliers that are accurate and transparent.If we fail to comply with laws and regulations both the Weakest Group and the individual employee may face criminal sanctions or other serious consequences. If o are unsure what laws and regulations apply then contact Legal & Secretariat. We must also comply with the Weakest Group's internal policies and procedures, including this Code.If you are unsure what policies and procedures apply to your work then talk to your manager or team leader. If there is anything inconsistent between the laws and regulations applying where you work and our policies and procedures, then you need to meet whichever sets the higher standard of behavior. If you believe such an inconsistency exists, you should talk to your Customers can be confident

Women of the Gilded Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women of the Gilded Age - Essay Example They had achieved the right to own property and had been employed outside the home for several decades, mostly in textile mills and garment shops. The first woman Mayor had been elected in 1887 (Moya 3). Higher education had opened its doors to women with the recent edition of women's colleges. By 1900 one-third of college and university students were women (Women in History). Most were trained in nursing or other female dominated fields, but the prized occupations of doctor and lawyer were still almost exclusively male. Traditionally, in the American culture girls learned the homemaking skills of cooking and cleaning that would be expected of her as she became an adult (Women in History). The right to vote was still 20 years away. During this period women experienced social growth but had yet to show much real progress. They had learned to organize through labor activities and social reform movements. The concept of women as a unique social group was taking hold, as women's suffrage had become an issue. However, the concepts of masculine and feminine were deeply divided. A late 19th century play titled Marriage portrayed the woman's place as, "A wise marriage is one...in which a man binds himself to a pretty little woman...in short assist him to hold that social position so essential to progress in business affairs" (qtd.

Mbuti Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mbuti Culture - Research Paper Example An average Mbuti adult is often four feet six inches tall. The word Pygmies is not preferred by the tribesman as it usually refers to people with a disability. They are known to be nomadic who move from one area to the other for benefits of hunting. The Mbuti people are also known as Bambuti as the word pygmy carries with it different meanings. Pygmies has generally been used in the medical terminology to refer to dwarves who are suffering from physiological problems. In comparison to pygmies these people are normal human beings who are eager to fight with people who insult them in anyway. If they find anyone denying their existence they consider it as an insult and fight for it. Thus it is better for non Mbuti people to claim that they have met with the person before. This essay would further revolve around the people who belong to Mbuti culture and would prove as to how their mode of subsistence is affecting different aspects of their culture (Adinoyi-Ojo 1996; Kent 1996). It is famous in Africa that the Ituri forest is owned by the Mbuti’s. The tribe is further divided into two classes on the basis of language. The true Mbuti are known to speak Bantu language whereas the Efe are known to speak Sudanese. Both of these subgroups are known to rely on hunting and gathering food in the forest. They gather food and then trade it in the city for commercial meat purposes. These people in return get farm produce which they use for their own purposes. Agricultural labor is also sought by these people as they mostly rely on agriculture as their source of food. The Mbuti exchange their gathering with the villagers for the things that they want. Thus it can be said that the Mbuti have developed an interdependent relationship with the villagers. The Efe similarly maintain the relationship with the villagers but it is not necessary that they use the means of hunting and gathering. Mbuti

Report on article Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report on article - Case Study Example There are four basic management styles described in the management literature: Each of these styles has certain advantages and drawbacks, and there is no way to objectively compare their effectiveness: in some organizations directive democrats may be more successful than permissive democrats, in other organizations directive or permissive autocrats may exhibit high effectiveness, and visa versa. Effectiveness of the management style directly depends on the type of organization and nature of work performed. The style of permissive democrats seems to be the best solution for the Department of Justice filled with highly skilled professionals. The involvement in planning and decision making provides them with the sense of belongingness to work and they demonstrate more commitment in performing their duties. However, the style of permissive democrats has one essential limitation: active involvement of the subordinates in the process of decision making, coupled with lack of strict control often produces a deceptive impression that the manager adopts a laissez-faire attitude and simply does not perform his direct functions, namely controlling (Muczyk, 2004). Probably this confusion can be held responsible (at least partially) for the failure of Eileen to keep obey the rules. However, the fact that 8 other members of the team did not have similar problems with discipline suggests that Eileen's case is unique in this organizational setting. Therefore, as a new manager for strategic planning and design within the department of justice, my first step will be to closely analyze the system of relationships established and maintained by my predecessors within the team. The analysis will largely focus on defining the style of management keeping in mind that highly experienced, skilled and responsible employees do not require excessive supervision and control, unless in emergency cases. The next step will be to work individually with Eileen and her colleagues in order to find out the reasons for her misconduct. A series of individual interviews is likely to provide rich and very useful information necessary to find out whether Eileen is a victim of some subjective prejudice or stereotype or she does have some personal problems which prevent her from becoming a full member of the team. Probably, there is a person within the team that maintains negative view of Eileen and successfully promotes this view among other members of the team. At this point the manager should keep in mind that his position does not automatically make him a leader - the most influential persons within the team. The so-called 'workers of influence' theory is particularly important to understand the distinction between managers and leaders. The key

The Role of Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role of Government - Essay Example mited by the government, Democracy a government where power is held by the people, Dictatorship a government where the ruler holds all the power, Monarchy where power is inherited and passed on to the ruler’s heir and many more there are governments within the world that adopted hybrid systems of government that are a combination of a number of types of governments, examples are modern Iran whose hybrid government is a combination of theocratic institutions and democracy and the Netherlands whose government is a combination of democracy and monarchy (Adler, 1996). A government’s fundamental role is to maintain basic security and social order within its framework. In the words of the philosopher Thomas Hobbes people tend to prefer submission to a government dominated by a sovereign rather than a system where there is no government, a system also known as anarchy therefore people in a community will submit to a government to create for themselves a system security and social order. We can see that states or nations whose populations live under a state of anarchy there is a distinct condition of turmoil and confusion amongst them since each and every one of them has to fend for themselves and there is no provision of basic social amenities by a defined body hence it is important to have a central governing body be it political, religious or hierarchical and which is charged through its machinery to uphold the rule of law and ensure that every member of society under its governance is able to access the basic social amenities that is education, affordable health care and a shelter to live in (Schulze, 1994). It’s the role of the government to protect its citizens from its neighbors or potential non neighbors from any threat that they may pose from outside the countrys borders. This necessitates the need of a military through which defense can be enhanced. In the medieval times families relied on strong family members to protect them, their crops in the

Educational Action Research Annotated Bibliography

Educational Action Research - Annotated Bibliography Example In this attempt, the author employs expositions of ethnography and action research so as to decrease the effect of epistemological cleavage between these two different approaches. Subsequently, the research is more relevant as it involves author’s experience relating to participation in three reception classes. After practically developing this method and its efficacy with the design and approach of new methodological approach in the field of educational research, the authors concludes that the participation in early years education by using the method of participation can be used as a new methodological approach in this field.Dick, B. (2004). Action research literature: Themes and trends. Action Research, 2(4), 425-444. The author has reviewed various action research related books and has developed perspective on the theme and direction of these books. Among finding various themes, the author has found material related to action science, inquiry, system-related approaches and the important aspect of action learning as well in which role and involvement of education, community, health, and organizational developments and subsequent practical applications have been detailed as well. a number of developing themes and trends have been identified including the increase and expansion of action research along with constructive inquiry, participation, involvement of community are those certain factors that have gained currency within the growing context and perspective of action research.

Summary Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Coursework Example Chinese security regulators also allowed traders of Shanghai and Hong-Kong to trade on each other’s markets. In terms of ex-Chief economist of the World trade organization these Chinese acts are to show Chinese leadership of the region, and it also depicts Chinese political ambitions. China has also made a deal with the  United States in order to remove tariffs on variety of Information technology products. Both countries will also  attempt to make other countries pursue the same strategy  under the  World Trade Organization (Bradsher & Stevenson, 2014). Warren E. Buffett’s ‘Berkshire Hathaway’ is decided to buy ‘Duracell’ from Procter & Gamble, valued at $4.7 billion by swapping his holding in P&G  with the re-known battery company. The deal is named as ‘cash-rich-split-off’. Through this deal, Warren E. Buffett found a way to buy a well-known brand without much tax bill. Internal Revenue service allowed such sell without big tax hit. On the other hand, P&G  has decided only to focus on its major money making businesses of toothpaste, detergent, and razors. Mr. Buffett has been a strong advocate of higher personal taxes. However, like many other companies, using so-called inversion; Mr. Buffet has traded with many high-named companies. However, he has called the two paradoxical actions as consistent  and strongly defended his actions in media. Mr. Buffet is more inclined in buying companies than holding major stakes. The purchase of Duracell, which makes 25% of the global battery market, is in the same line of actions. On the other hand, P&G is perusing a policy of shedding its small businesses (De La Merced, 2014). Delaware Court of Chancery Vice Chancellor said Royal Bank of Canada ought to pay $75.8 million to cover  losses incurred  by  Rural/Metros former shareholders  due to RBC’s inability to disclose the conflicts in interest that tainted the $438 million buyout of the ambulance operator. The

BUSINESS PLAN, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUSINESS PLAN, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES - Essay Example To assist in achieving these goals and objectives, I need to prepare appropriate funds to financial higher education, as well as the proper state of mind, determination and enthusiasm to pursue this career. Part 1: Career Goals 1. Competencies: What are the competencies I need to develop? To prepare myself for the career, I need to develop competencies in the following areas: healthcare operations management; patient or consumer focus; political, legal and ethical concerns; financial and economic issues; and medical and physician relationships (Shewchuck, O’Connor and Fine, 2005). 2. How will I develop: What steps will I take to clarify my developmental needs? I should focus on prioritizing academic requirements to comply with the required degree for the career path I planned. I must incorporate professional experience in working in the public health environment to evaluate and appraise the requirements and resources and match my qualifications to the demands of the profession . 3.

Santa Fe Grill Restaurant Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Santa Fe Grill Restaurant Survey - Essay Example The mean values for X22 and X32 are 4.82963 and 0.348148148 respectively. To determine if the two mean are significantly different with an equal variance, a t-statistical analysis is undertaken. The one tail results give a t-critical of 1.647649 while the two tails gives a t-critical result of 1.964318. However; going by the one tail, the t-critical is 1.647649 compared with a significance level of 0.00, we accept the null hypothesis that the two means are statistically significant. According to the book page 498, this analysis was supposed to compare the level of satisfaction between male and female-considering the mean. However, from the results there is no substantial support for the null hypothesis to ascertain that the two means are equal, and hence we conclude that male customers are significantly more satisfied than female customers. The mean values of X21, X22 and X23 are 4.82963, 4.464198 and 3.785185. The null hypothesis is to test if the mean of the variables are significantly different. The p-value=3.59 while the significant level ÃŽ ±=o.05; therefore we accept the null hypothesis that the mean of the variables are significantly different (p-value>0.05). That is, the mean perceptions of males between the two restaurants do not differ significantly on satisfaction or likelihood of returning. Most customers at the restaurant do not like to party as this is revealed by 14 out of 450 strongly agreed to like partying. However, it is worth noting that some customers are influenced by friends before deciding on what to take while reasonable prices also influences the customer’s decision to take a meal at the restaurant. Among the respondents, at least half agreed that attractive interior and excellent food are some of the driving factors that they consider before entering a restaurant. This is something that Santa Fe Grill Restaurant has to contend with if it wants to maximize its profits and revenues. According to the frequency

My Personal Management Plan Essay Example for Free

My Personal Management Plan Essay This plan will help with the discipline aspect of the classroom and helping students know what expectations are when entering into the classroom if done on a consistent basis. In the beginning of the school expectation should be given so that students are aware of the goals that are expected of them collectively and individually. With this classroom management plan there are a few things that should be taken into consideration in order for the plan to be of success. Shown below are a few steps that could be used in the classroom: Step 1, It’s Easier to get Easier, Step 2, Fairness is key, Step 3, Deal with disruption in the classroom as little as possible, Step 4, Avoid confrontation in front of students, Step 5, Stop disruptions with a little humor, Step 6, Keep High Expectation in your Classroom, Step 7, Over plan, Step 8, Be Consistent, Step 9, Make Rules Understandable and Step 10, Start everyday fresh. Having a classroom management plan set in place for your classroom will give students goals to look forward to accomplish with taking their education seriously for their future. My Personal Classroom Management Plan My personal management plan will start off with a motivational quote of the day that will encourage students daily. With this motivational quote daily will be followed along with the ten steps that makes up a successful classroom management plan. The first step is called it’s easier to get easier and this is simply setting the tone of your classroom day one with your students because believe it or not students come in scoping to see what they can and cannot get away with in their classroom. Secondly, fairness is key this is making sure that all students are treated the same overall unconditionally because they pick up on favoritism within the classroom. Thirdly, deal with disruptions with as little interruption as possible. This is saying instead of stopping completely in the middle of your lesson to chastise a student for not paying attention try calling on the student with a question in reference to what the class discussion is to alert them that you do see them off task and this should help them get back on task. Fourthly, it is important to avoid confrontations in front of students even though in some cases you can make your point that way but every disciplinary action should be handled on a personal note so that you don’t lose a chance of teaching that student because of embarrassment. Fifthly, stop disruptions with a little humor. Sometimes classrooms can seem so serious all the time and even though that student may have disturbed the flow of the teaching the class may need that moment of laughter to break the ice for second and then get back on track. Sixthly, keep high expectations in your classroom. Always expect nothing but the best from your students academically. Expect nothing but positive behavior in the classroom. Expect for your students to know that there is a time and place for everything and that they know when to determine that time at the sound of your voice when you start the day off with what the expectations are for the day. Seventhly, over plan each day so that there is no free time for the classroom to go another route in a way that you do not intend for you class to go. There is never too much work on one topic just in case the lesson doesn’t go as long as intended you will always have extra activities. Eighthly, be consistent being consistent is what makes the flow of the classroom go smoothly throughout the day and throughout the school year. As a teacher being strict one day and lenient the next day will cause for your students to lose respect for you and will tend to now try and run over you because they now feel like they can get away with misbehavior. Ninthly, make rules understandable, all rules should be short simple and precised of what is expected and what is not expected of them and consequences should be known ahead of time so that no surprises are made and when inappropriate actions are made they already know what is going to happen to them because of that action. Last but not least, start fresh every day, each day is a new day and should be handled in such a manner no action from the day before should role over into the next day. Me as a Teacher!!! As an educator I see myself as a positive role that students can look up to. As an positive role model I must conduct myself with a positive and respectful attitude. My students will know the importance of giving respect to receive respect and this is something that I go by no matter what the age is everyone deserves respect. I see myself as an educator that is passionate about what it is that I do. I want nothing but the best for my students and want to see each and every one of them prosper in success with their future endeavors. As a teacher I feel that it is my duty to go the extra mile in making sure that they are successful to face society and whatever else that may be put up against. As an educator it is my duty to nurture and love these students as if they were my own being that they are with me majority of the time in a day and five days of the seven days in a week. It is important for me to understand that all students are not coming from positive households and to make the time at school meaningful and worthwhile that there is hope and another look of life than what they may see each day when leaving school. It is my duty to be a responsible leader and educator because I have influential students’ lives in my hand. What’s expected from the Students!!! What I have come to realize is that students/ children like structure. It is important for them to know that they cannot run over their teacher or any adult. Everyday my students will be greeted and at the starting of the class they will be reminded of classroom expectations. Students will be required and held accountable for the following responsibilities: †¢ Self- Control †¢ Positive attitude as a person and in the classroom overall †¢ Saying I CAN’T is not an option †¢ Quitting is not an option when something is challenging †¢ Respect one another as they respect all adults Respect their classroom as their learning academic environment space †¢ Encourage one another!!! Atmosphere of the Classroom!!! It is important to make sure that your classroom is conducive for learning. This is simply having your classroom free of clutter. If the classroom is chaotic with mess and everything is all over the place then nine time out of ten then students and t he classroom will be ran in chaos because the brain is clouded with the unorganized materials that is around the individuals. Classrooms should display the way of learning that students take on. As the leader of your classroom sanctuary it is important that you make sure the atmosphere is positive, welcoming and comfortable for your students. Student Conduct!!! It is important that you get your students to understand the importance of their education, how valuable it is and beneficial for their future. Students must know how to conduct there selves accordingly in how they want others to see them as behaved students. I believe when students are included in making decisions in the classroom that you get a different response from them as a hold. This gives students a responsibility and makes them feel included in how they believe the classroom should be run. This helps to cherish the rules more in the classroom because they feel that they had something to do with the decision made for the rules. It is important to make sure that lessons are exciting to your students so that the lessons keep their attention throughout. Behavior Intervention Strategies!!! Behavioral strategies are very important because all students are not going to behave in a way that you expect for them to behave. In some cases you always have one student that want to see how far they can push you with their behavior. With this plan you can nip it in a bud right away and let them know that their behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated in the classroom. Also, there are positive and negative behaviors that either needs to reprimand or praised for what it is that they have done. Strategies that can be used are as follow: †¢ Rewarding a student when they have followed instructions or done something that was worth bringing attention to so that they know what it is that they you are expecting from them. †¢ Being consistent with consequences when rules are broken. †¢ Be mindful that some students do things because they need that extra attention that they may not be getting at home from their parents. †¢ Always, be ready for change in case the way you intended to correct a situation does not work with this particular student. Introducing the Plan!!! Introducing the classroom management plan to the classroom will simply discuss expectations of them as a group and individually. They will know and understand that our academics will not be taken lightly and should be done to the best of their ability. They know in the beginning that we all will respect one another collectively and no one will be disrespected in the classroom. This plan will be presented at the beginning of the school year to the parents and the students and expectations will start each school day so that students know that I am serious and take what it is that I do serious as well. Overall, having a classroom management plan in place for your classroom will help the day by day and school years go so much smoother. Not only having the plan makes the classroom run smoother but being consistent with what you stand by keeps students in place and in line and have a better success rate. It is important and okay for your students to know that you will do whatever it takes for them to above level but they must do their part as well and that’s with will power, courage and motivation.

Sport Utility Vehicle and Mercedes Essay Example for Free

Sport Utility Vehicle and Mercedes Essay 1. What is the decision facing Mercedes? Mercedes must determine how to market the BlueHybrid and the so-called mild hybrid the ML450 to the United States market, while competing with Toyota and Honda. Mercedes also needs to be concerned with making sure that they keep their existing customers, while transitioning into the green marketplace. 2. What factors are most important in understanding this decision situation? Consumers are attracted to Mercedes-Benz for the vehicles’ luxury, design, safety, and powerful engines that have excellent handling and acceleration. The performance that Mercedes is known for must not be lost in a hybrid or of a mild hybrid. The marketers need to ensure that all the reasons that consumers are attracted to Mercedes stay the same and maybe even add a bit of â€Å"green† to it. However, customers are not going to want to pay $80,000 to $90,000 for a hybrid SUV that shutters when transitioning from gas to electric. 3. What are the alternatives? Mercedes must determine how it is going to represent its brand. Is it the well known for fast well built cars with little concern for family vehicles and gas mileage or will they blend the two and use their â€Å"brand† to bring new people and existing customers to a green vehicle with the newly developed lithium-ion battery? 4. What are the decisions you recommend? I think that the challenge of Mercedes is that they are so well know for crafting excellent vehicles that when considering branching out into new technology with a new market potential, with expansion of American facilities, there creeps in the decline of the brand. What if the hybrids and mild-hybrid fail? What will it do to the brand? I recommend that Mercedes enter into the SUV marketing with this hybrid technology on a low-scale, marketing to the environmentally green customer and see what the response is, as well as the performance of the vehicles. 5. What are some of the ways to implement your recommendations? Mercedes has to ensure that the market research shows the consumer desire to match in order to introduce a hybrid luxury SUV to the United States market. Marketers must target the most viable customer base that will be thought to purchase the luxury SUVs. Mercedes will need to use its branding in commercials, television shows and the standard billboards around town to get the vehicles into the public’s awareness. Bibliography Michael Levens (2012). Marketing: Defined, Explained, Applied, Second Edition (text and case book).

The Preventing Of Teenage Pregnancy

The Preventing Of Teenage Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy is a term used to address girls between the ages of 13-19 years who become pregnant (UNICEF, 2008).Teenage pregnancy and its resultant health issues are of concern worldwide. In Ghana, for example, according Keller, Hilton Tsumasi-Ankrah (1999), nearly 1/3 of the childbirths recorded in public hospitals occurred to women less than 19 years of age. Meanwhile, Guttmacher (2012) reported that in The United States of America, 750,000 teen pregnancies occur yearly. Health messages are crucial in effecting behavioural change of preventable factors on health (Mokdad et al; 2004). This message is created in an attempt to influence change in behaviour and can as well be used not only for changing adolescents sexual health behaviours, but also for informing and educating a larger population. This essay will address the following: chosen medium, the rational for the message addressing political issues supporting its use, the underpinning health belief model, ways of evaluating the success of the health message, its impact on a wider population and, the influence of nurses, other health professionals and lay persons on health promotion regarding teenage pregnancy. According to Guttmacher (2012), 3,312 girls become pregnant every 24 hours. Also, in every 26 seconds a teenage girl becomes pregnant and a child is born to a teen mother every 56 seconds. It is therefore sensible to explore the extent of teenage pregnancy and its impact. De Vienne, Creveuil Dreyfus (2009), believes that 70,000 teenagers die yearly from obstetrical complications, and 1 million infants born to adolescent mothers die before their first year of life. Although the majority of teenage pregnancies occur in developing countries, one million babies are born annually to teenage mothers in the developed world. According to (Adeyinka, Oladimeji, Adekanbi, 2010), in 2003 42/1000 births in the US were to adolescents. Furthermore, it has been reported that adolescents are at a higher risk for adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, congenital anomalies, uterine rupture and infant death than their older counterparts (Phipps, Blume DeMonner, 2002) . In view of the health problems the world is confronted with as a result of teenage pregnancy, this message is aimed at creating awareness of the various causes and outcomes of teenage pregnancy. It also aims at promoting healthy sexual behaviours, to give the youth the skill and knowledge they need to refuse sex, delaying the onset of sex and to practice safer sex and to reduce the number of conceptions among adolescents (Kirby, 2007).The message will also help debunk certain ideologies and myths about sex education such as those with regards to certain words or body part being unmentionable and the taboos of sex education that influence the human sexuality negatively (Adepoju, 2005). Consequently, advances in communication strategies have changed how individuals access, assess, communicate and use information. Egger et al (1999), stated that health promotions are motivational and informative messages directed to one or more people. The idea of attaining improved health and a better quality of life needs tailoring our educational messages to the particular group of people it is intended for, taken into account the cultural practices of the community as such programmes involve community members who participate to define and solve the problems (Denison et al, 2009) Cultural, religious and traditional issues influence sexual behaviours. Personally, in my area of practice culturally acceptable sex education is given using, local dialects in folk songs, radio drama and role plays avoiding sexually explicit words. This way community values are respected as well as responded to. In recent years there has been a much stronger religious and political focus on the teaching of sex abstinence in schools than in the past years (Butts Rich, 2008). This is to add to the existing knowledge that most religious group preach abstinence before marriage e.g. Islam and Catholics even preach against contraception hence telling the youth to abstain from sex (Citizens Budget Commission, 2012). Contrarily, some social customs induce girls to stay out of school and enter into early sexual relationship were girls are given away in marriage at puberty (Keller et al; 1999). These observations considered a health promotion message using role play will inform the adolescen ts on causes, complications and prevention, of teen pregnancy and motherhood in a non-judgmental approach. Role play therefore, is considered the appropriate medium as it focuses not on acting but on the actions of the characters. It helps in the process of decision making and clarifies judgments and behaviours and lastly it encourages looking beyond the self and into another person in a close and more intimate manner than reading or lectures allows (Rowles and Russo, 2009). Role play is unscripted and a dramatic technique of message delivery that encourages people to improve behaviours that illustrate expected actions of persons in a defined situation (Lowenstein, 2007). In the delivery of such messages ethical issues could arise. Everyone needs to have equal access to care, thus the principle of justice must be considered and the nurse is to do good by providing the information and education they need but she has to seek consent from parents before she could go ahead. In developed nations parents can decide they dont want their wards to sit in for such programs according discussions by fellow students from the UK whereas from experience in Ghana one needs to just tell the head teacher when the nurse is coming. It is important to recognise that in carrying out the principles of beneficence and non maleficence, the question will be how much information is too much? Knowledge of when information given becomes unethical is important. Appropriate information must be presented in an age appropriate manner as there will be potential harm if a wrong and inappropriate message is chosen. An ethical dilemma will arise when a choice has to be made between stand ardised and acceptable programs that are available (Miller et al; 2011) e.g. teaching abstinence as opposed to safer sex practice. Inappropriate programs for a particular age group could easily be misinterpreted and result in the adolescent being misled as she perceives the information differently from the way the educator intended for the message to be received (Miller et al; 2011). Promoting the health and wellbeing of adolescents is a vital part of every society including health workers. Teenagers have been recognised to be at high risk of health-damaging behaviours such as teenage pregnancy (Jacobson Pill, 1997).Similarly, Reeve (2002) in his study revealed that healthcare providers have the potential to strengthen young peoples awareness of appropriate sources of help and information, comprehensive sex education programs and advice on sexual health. He also reported that, the introduction of contraceptive services delivered by nurses, as well as trained teenage advisors or lay persons will be associated with an increase in the number of people attending for advice and contraceptives. Contrary to these assertions Thomson Scott (1991), criticised that sexual health education at school has little or no relationship to the real choices and pressures around sexual health that affects the young women. Furthermore, Denison et al (2009), proposed that every agent of health care including lay persons/peers can partake in communicating the causes and effects of teen pregnancy by mobilising community members to participate in role plays which will illustrate causes, complications and where to get help whether in the community or the hospital setup. According to MARIE STOPES INTERNATIONAL (2012), in 1998 in England, the pregnancy of girls under 18years conception rate fell by 13.3% over 5 years. There has also been a shift in societys views about how best to tackle problems like high teenage pregnancy rates and poor sexual health amongst young people. Increasingly, from a personal perspective parents and professionals will recognise the need to offer teenagers with opportunities to talk about how they feel openly, skills and self-confidence they need to deal with the situations they face regarding sexuality. Also it will raise awareness in the community and at national levels which will in turn help them to strategise and tailor programs to help the youth to understand the way in which sex is, to help them know that relationships portrayed in the media are not always accurate and the appreciation of the challenges and responsibilities of parenthood. This includes supporting them delay early sex, equipping them to stay safe and healthy when they do become sexually active. Parents will play a more positive role in supporting their children on sex and relationship issues (Primarolo Merron, 2010). According to Sexual Offences Act (2003), in UK the age of consent for female and their male counterparts is 16 years. This means men who ha ve sexual intercourse with girls below 16years of age will be prosecuted. Meanwhile there are such clear cut age ranges and laws in Ghana expect for rape cases. Also support from national and international agencies may include development of national training standards on relationships and sexual health to provide a constant framework for local workforce development (Primarolo Merron, 2010). The evaluation of sexual health promotion programs has to be SMART-Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Reliable and Time bound (Haughey, 2012). Assessments of sex education programmes can vary from changes in knowledge, attitudes and values to those of behavioural change including initiation of sexual activity and pregnancy rates (Fullerton, 2004). Arguably, initiation of sexual activity cannot easily be evaluated if the adolescent does not openly discuss it. Also clear statements given by students about the outcomes of unprotected sex and how those outcomes could be avoided at the end of the session (Vincent, Geiger, Willis, 1994). The aims of sex education are often motivational, relating to lifelong quality of relationships, as well as pregnancy and STI prevention (Fullerton, 2004). Moreover, studies have demonstrated that health decision making is a process in which the individual moves through a series of stages or phases. Interactions with persons or events at each of these stages influence the individuals decisions and subsequent behaviour (Rosenstock, 2005). As a matter of fact, behavioural change is a difficult process which starts with enabling change in personal behaviours of individuals by giving them the knowledge to do so through education (Bellamy, 2004). The health belief model posits that people who perceive themselves as susceptible to negative outcomes are more likely to reduce risky behaviours than those who do not see themselves at risk (Janz Becker, 1984). The model postulates four conditions that predict a health related behaviour; perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits and barriers (Janz Becker, 1984). Perceive susceptibility refers to ones perception of the likelihood of contracting a health disease or condition (Witte et al; 1996) or becoming pregnant in this case. It helps individuals to adapt to healthier lifestyles. The more the teenager perceives the outcomes of teenage pregnancy, the more they will try to avoid it. Witte et al (1996) again stated that perceived severity will be the teenagers belief about the implications of a health risk. The perception of severity is often based on the health information given or knowledge about the severity of a condition and difficulties it will create on general wellbeing. If she thinks of it as a serious issue she will try to avoid getting pregnant. Also, the concept of perceived benefits is the teens judgments of the value of the action that will lessen the risk of getting pregnant. Usually, teenagers will practice healthier lifestyles when they believe a new behaviour will lessen their chances of getting pregnant and suffering the consequences (Janz Becker, 1984). This assertion of Janz Becker is not always the case as some will wait to be in that particular situation before they take action. On the other hand, as most teenagers dont change their lifestyles easily, perceived barriers are their own assessment of the difficulties in embracing a new behaviour. Amongst all the perceptions, perceived barriers are most important in defining behavioural change (Janz Becker, 1984) because if they are able to overcome these barriers their behaviours will change. Cues to action are pieces of information which are given out with the intention of triggering decision-making actions. They could be internal or external e.g. informational flyers, advertisements on television or internal symptoms of an illness (Witte, 1996). Lastly self efficacy, measures the degree of the reaction taken to prevent pregnancy and that they are able to perform the recommended reaction to avert the risk. Teen pregnancy and motherhood is a serious problem affecting adolescents which can causes health and social problems. With empowering the youth through education, teen pregnancies and its related problems can be prevented. From a personal view point, it will be acceptable to say that proven programmatic answers to this dilemma are likely to be dissatisfactory. The point is not that sexuality education and contraception education cannot be helpful, but that without more help from the society at large, their impact may be small. On the contrary, an intervention that starts by affecting behaviour in a self-effacing way may ultimately generate changes in behaviours. Behaviour is contagious and teens, in particular, are extremely influenced by what their friends do or say. This suggests that programs are not to be judged on the basis of their immediate effects only but also on their peer culture reorientation potential.

Who Stole My Cheese? Self-Analysis Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Change, like time, is always happening. There is no way to stop it, not even for a second. Whither or not you realize it, you are always changing in every possible way. However, we commonly simplify change to only the large differences in our normal routines each day or week, whither they are expected or unexpected. These large problems can sometimes become problems for people, which is not surprising. They should be problems, whither they are good problems to have, or bad. It is our job to adapt to these changes, and to adapt quickly. All of the time it takes you to adapt, is time lost, time you will never regain. This principle is easily explained by Spencer Johnson, M.D. in his book Who Moved My Cheese?.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hem, Haw, and two speedy mice running through a maze looking for cheese first sounded like a very odd way to analyze how people deal with change, however, after reading a section, the comparison between two different people and mice is a very creative and correct comparison. The mice, are concerned with one thing, their cheese. They do not worry about having a permanent home or structure to fall back on. They are like Indians following the buffalo wherever they roam. They are constantly on the move following their source of life. The little people, Hem and Haw, however, are more concerned with have a home, and a schedule. A life that stays the same with themselves always perfectly content. They do not want to hav...

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay -- American History

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass In learning about the history of America from the colonization to the reconstruction I decided to read The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick was one of the very few literate slaves. He was an incredibly important character in American and African-American history. Though he was blessed with intelligence most slaves were not, he still lived the same kind of life of the typical slave. Fredrick Douglas was born in Maryland; he does not know the date of his birth, as did most slaves. He never really had a chance to know his mother, only having seen her four or five times. Fredrick taught himself how to read and write despite it being against his slave-owners wishes. He could not let his knowledge be known to anyone except for other slaves. Fredrick saw his knowledge of words both as a blessing and a curse. White men were given supreme power over their black slaves and it corrupted their character. Most African Americans of the early to mid-nineteenth century experienced slavery on plantations similar to the experiences described by Frederick Douglass; the majority of slaves lived on units owned by planters who had twenty or more slaves. The planters and the white masters of these agrarian communities sought to ensure their personal safety and the profitability of their enterprises by using all the tactics-physical and psychological-at their command to make slaves obedient. Even Christianity was manipulated in a way that masters communicated to their slaves that God had commanded them to obey their masters. People like Frederick Douglass who preached abolition of slavery, only had to nurture the already existing spirit within slaves to strive for freedom. Only a tiny fraction of all slaves ever took part in organized acts of violent resistance against white power. Most realized as Frederick Douglass did that the odds against a successful revolt were very high, and bitter experience had shown them that the usual outcome was death to the rebels. Consequently, they devised safer ways to resist white dominance. For Frederick Douglass, it was clear that his way of fighting the power was to become educated so that he may better understand his situation. However, he described that knowing that: "wit†¦[was] the pathway from slavery to freedom." (Pg. 20) "†¦Reading†¦ enabled me to utter my thoughts, and... ...obey his master-to do as he is told to do." (Pg. 57) He was referring to the wrongfulness of his wife's attempt to educate Frederick Douglass. This was the view held by most whites toward African Americans. Consequently, other adjectives such as: lazy, irresponsible, childlike, and simple-minded were used by whites to describe the African American character. This portrayal stole the African American sense of independence and created the false image of black childlike dependence on their white masters. That combined with the fact that most African Americans were born into slavery disallowed them any experience of freedom or of Africa by which they may make comparisons to their situation of total bondage. The slave owners struggle to control the slave brought out an evil in them that cannot be brought out by any things. The slaves’ struggle for freedom and the suppression by their masters broke their spirit, which is a large part of human character. America would not have grown to be so great in such a short time without slavery, because of the economic value of it. But, it would not have been such a violent society then or such a violent society now if slavery had never existed.

Essay --

Cassandra Casares 2-11-14 Paper #1 Marius paved the road that inspired many to follow in his footsteps, as Caesar and Octavian, which led to the breakdown of the Republic. Marius held consulship for a record breaking seven years, completely disregarding the Lex Annalis, and leaving the senate looking slightly powerless in the eyes of its people. Also, Marius used war and corruption on his side in order to hold his political power in Rome, knowing full well he was needed to fend off invasions especially from the north. By abolishing the Servian laws, he also allowed the landless and the poor to join in the army, which created status problems for the Romans, and encouraged others to follow right along with his creation of a professional, private army through the Marian Laws and reforms. Gaius Marius put into affect army reforms that changed the military, political and social aspects of Roman society. These reforms brought about private professional armies, enlarged aristocratic values by increasing wealth, and event ually led to the exploitation of legal and political faults to boost personal power that all together helped to disestablish the republic. One important aspect of Roman life is that of tradition. By Marius consecutively holding seven consulships in a row and doing so whilst not present for some strayed away from political tradition and enabling actions of later romans. Because of a foreign threat up north of Rome, the people knew they needed him in office, which helped him hold his consulship for so long. Marius was elected consul again each year until his sixth consulship in 100; the people disregarded the lex Annalis didn’t allow the senate to prolong his consulship (Scullard 1982 52). Marius saw an opportunity... ...r political status and power, to finally breakdown the Roman Republic. By Marius using war and corruption to his advantage to gain and hold on to his consulship for many years, he gave the impression that the senate was losing their power and hold over the people. By abolishing the Servian laws and allowing the landless and the poor to serve in the army, he threw out the Roman tradition that money and wealth showed loyalty and commitment to Rome. Also, he provided the generals, and himself, the pressure to continue to win the wars in order to gain loot, and land to give to their armies to keep them happy. However, mostly Marius military reform was the most influential ways that Marius had on the future Romans, that gave them the power to achieve their political success over the senate and eventually bring forth the breakdown of the Republic. Word count: 990 Essay -- Cassandra Casares 2-11-14 Paper #1 Marius paved the road that inspired many to follow in his footsteps, as Caesar and Octavian, which led to the breakdown of the Republic. Marius held consulship for a record breaking seven years, completely disregarding the Lex Annalis, and leaving the senate looking slightly powerless in the eyes of its people. Also, Marius used war and corruption on his side in order to hold his political power in Rome, knowing full well he was needed to fend off invasions especially from the north. By abolishing the Servian laws, he also allowed the landless and the poor to join in the army, which created status problems for the Romans, and encouraged others to follow right along with his creation of a professional, private army through the Marian Laws and reforms. Gaius Marius put into affect army reforms that changed the military, political and social aspects of Roman society. These reforms brought about private professional armies, enlarged aristocratic values by increasing wealth, and event ually led to the exploitation of legal and political faults to boost personal power that all together helped to disestablish the republic. One important aspect of Roman life is that of tradition. By Marius consecutively holding seven consulships in a row and doing so whilst not present for some strayed away from political tradition and enabling actions of later romans. Because of a foreign threat up north of Rome, the people knew they needed him in office, which helped him hold his consulship for so long. Marius was elected consul again each year until his sixth consulship in 100; the people disregarded the lex Annalis didn’t allow the senate to prolong his consulship (Scullard 1982 52). Marius saw an opportunity... ...r political status and power, to finally breakdown the Roman Republic. By Marius using war and corruption to his advantage to gain and hold on to his consulship for many years, he gave the impression that the senate was losing their power and hold over the people. By abolishing the Servian laws and allowing the landless and the poor to serve in the army, he threw out the Roman tradition that money and wealth showed loyalty and commitment to Rome. Also, he provided the generals, and himself, the pressure to continue to win the wars in order to gain loot, and land to give to their armies to keep them happy. However, mostly Marius military reform was the most influential ways that Marius had on the future Romans, that gave them the power to achieve their political success over the senate and eventually bring forth the breakdown of the Republic. Word count: 990

Weight Watchers Swot Analysis

Strengths * Brand Recognition * Patented Points Program * Science Based Approach/Clinically Proven Results * Multiple Support Options * History of successful Weight Loss * Multiple Payment Options * Flexible Meal Plans * Face to Face Support Groups * Located in 30 Countries and on the Web| Weaknesses * Slow Weight Loss * Costly over time * Successful weight loss is not typical| Opportunities * Science Driven approach can be a Medical Model * Affiliation with the Department of Education * Affiliations with Fitness Centers * Meeting the growing weight loss needs around the world| Threats * Strong Competition * Competitors new products and innovation * Surgical Procedures offering quick weight loss| Weight Watchers International is a Weight Loss Business that utilizes the philosophy of a Science-driven approach to help participants, also known as members, lose weight by forming helpful habits, eating smarter, getting more exercise and providing support.They target consumers who want to manage their weight through weight loss or weight maintenance. Their vision is to ensure Member satisfaction and retention by making Members feel cared for, well informed, part of the group and motivated to succeed. Weight Watchers has been around for 50 years and has developed their brand of providing weight loss services and products that make them a leading weight management service globally. The patented points program is based on a formula calculating the protein, carbohydrates, fat and dietary fiber content developed with consultation from a Scientific Advisory board. Each food is assigned a points value that reflects how the body breaks down food and converts it into energy.This Board is made up of world renowned medical experts to ensure that its weight loss plan is based on the most current scientific expertise. (Weight Watchers International) The Good Health Guidelines utilized by Weight Watchers are also recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture Center fo r Nutrition Policy and Promotion. (USDA) Weight Watchers offers a variety of support options to members who attend weekly meetings which are located in 30 countries around the world, weigh and go at store locations, attend meetings in their place of employment (At Work Meetings), or utilize the internet to participate in Weight Watcher’s services. Members are encouraged to share their struggles and successes.Struggles and successes are employed to motivate other members to achieve their weight loss goals by following the program and obtaining the proprietary tools offered for purchase. Members who reach their goal and maintain it for six weeks become Lifetime Members. Lifetime members maintain their membership by continuing to participate on a monthly basis. These members are free advertisements who attest to the success of the program. The meal plans are simple and the Points Plus system is very flexible. Each member receives a Daily Point Target (DPT) based on their height, weight, gender and age. The DPT represents the amount of food that each person should eat in a day.Foods that are low in fat and sugar tend to have lower point values and provide more volume to a meal or snack than less healthy options. Required foods are non-specific so the member is permitted to choose how they will consume required foods such as diary, healthy oil, and whole grains. All foods and drinks are permitted as long as the point value is calculated and accounted for when deducted from the DPT. Many members succeed in their weight loss efforts but not all members are successful. One of the biggest complaints of the program is that it offers slow weight loss. Our culture is one that appreciates immediate gratification. (The Associated Press, 2006) The competition offers much quicker weight loss methods.The success obtained by Lifetime members who worked for weeks, months and years to accomplish their goals is not nearly as appealing to the average consumer who is inundate d with quick fix fad diets. (Speri) Weight Watchers offers a lifestyle change that reduces food intake. It is not designed as a quick fix but instead is one that promotes healthy lifestyle changes that gradually accomplish weight loss. The consumer’s cost for Weight Watchers is very low compared to other weight loss programs or at least it appears so up front. (Sugar) There are no meals, shakes, supplements or bars that are required to be purchased in order to participate in the program. The food that you eat on plan is very much the same food that one could purchase in any grocery store or restaurant.There are multiple periods of free registration throughout each year and the weekly fee is nominal at approximately $13. 00 per week. The problem with this is that there are many hidden costs at Weight Watchers. The proprietary point system is unlike any other weight loss system. Successful members utilize food scales and measuring cups to weigh and measure their food, pedometer s and activity monitors to measure a person’s activity level, cookbooks, calculators and more. These products can all be purchased at lower prices from many convenience stores but they do not convert their information into point values the way that the Weight Watcher products do so many members purchase expensive Weight Watchers products to assist them with their weight loss journey.Additionally, the gradual weight loss concept requires members to attend for longer periods of time before they are able to reach a free Lifetime status. Lifetime members remain free if the member maintains their weight at no more than two pounds above their goal weight. Most people’s weight fluctuates regularly and fees are charged no matter what the reason for the weight gain. Weight Watchers has many opportunities to join with the medical profession to promote its science based plan. The Scientific Advisory Board that is hired to consult with Weight Watchers is made of Medical Profession als and the weight loss method is one that is promoted by most medical doctors even if they do not promote the Weight Watcher’s brand. USDA) The United States alone has determined that Obesity in America is common, serious and costly. (Fox News Latino) Weight Watchers has promoted a medical model for many years. An affiliation with the medical community would surely add value to the weight management scientifically based model that is currently promoted at Weight Watchers. The United States First Lady, Michelle Obama, has brought additional light to the obesity epidemic and the need for American’s to manage their diets. Her â€Å"Let’s Move† initiative has gained the attention of the entire country. Weight Watchers is a healthy living model that combines healthy foods with more activity.Teaming up with fitness centers, exercise centers and schools will accomplish more together than the weight loss community or the physical fitness community can do on its own. A true healthy lifestyle includes eating right and moving more. (Grain Foods Foundation) Our quick fix society is one that shows little patience for counting calories or points utilized by slower burning weight loss programs. The competition has now gone beyond that which offers diets where certain foods are limited or forbidden, and some are replacing them with pre-cooked meals that are very high in sodium. These programs, including NutriSystem, do not promote weight maintenance following the program but they do promote mindless weight loss.Those who follow this program do not need to think about what to eat or how to prepare it as all of the meals and shakes are prepared, frozen and shipped to the dieter’s home. (â€Å"NutriSystem: Lose weight with meals conveniently delivered to your home†) Many diet programs eliminate foods and replace them with supplements. The Atkins diet, for example, restricts the dieter’s ability to consume carbohydrates. This mean s that all sugars including fruits and vegetables are minimized or omitted from one’s diet. It is not in line with a medical model approach for healthy weight loss but it does promote quick weight loss. Unfortunately, this does pose a threat to Weight Watchers as the weight loss experience in such a plan does satisfy the quick fix needs of those who opt for these types of plans. Frazier) In an attempt to make weight loss quicker and easier, the medical profession has taken to providing surgical procedures that reduce the size of the stomach by removing part of the small intestine. This procedure is very risky to one’s health and has a tremendous amount of medical complications associated with it. It is however, one that does not require that a person who has had the surgery to persevere delayed gratification and behavioral changes that are required when one loses weight following a weight loss program such as Weight Watchers. (Staff) For many consumers, quick weight lo ss is far more appealing despite the potential negative consequences. References The Associated Press. (2006, May 28). Poll: Americans like instant gratification. USA Today. Fox News Latino. (2012, September 18).Obesity in America: Can it Get Much Wors? Yes, Advocacy Group Says. http: //latino. foxnews. com/latino/health Frazier, K. (2011, June 14). How much weight can I lose in a Month on Atkins? Retrieved from http://www. livestrong. com Grain Foods Foundation. (2012, May 15). The Key to a Healthy Body: Eating Right & Moving More. Retrieved from http://www. sixservings. org NutriSystem: Lose weight with meals conveniently delivered to your home. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. dietsinreview. com/diets/Nutrisystem Speri, M. (n. d. ). Why Slow Weight Loss Wins. Retrieved from http://www. weightwatchers. com/util/art/index_art. aspx Staff, H. (2011, April 6).Weight Loss Surgery Health Center: Rux-En-Y Gastric Bypass. Retrieved from http://www. webmd. com/diet/weight-loss-surgery Sugar, J. (2011, August 29). How Much One Month of WEight Loss Costs. Retrieved from http://www. fitsugar. com/Weight-Loss-Program-Cost-Comparison USDA. (2013, March 7). Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Retrieved from http://www. cnpp. usda. gov/dietaryguidelines. htm USDA. (2013, March 7). Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Retrieved from http://www. cnpp. usda. gov/dietaryguidelines. htm Weight Watchers International. (n. d. ). History and Philosophy. Retrieved from http://www. weightwatfchers. com/about/his/board. aspx

Project Management for Dummies, by Stanley E Portny

The Dummies Series book, Project guidance for Dummies, by Stanley E. Portny (Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2001), is, in my opinion, a comparatively easy-to-read (although as well somewhat structur everyy disconnected in places), step-by-step how-to book, for either menstruation or prospective cast managers, with or with let out experience. In life, every person has enters to pick up usually a never-ending serial publication of them, in situation, and often more than(prenominal) than superstar shake off to complete simultaneously. Ones calculates whitethorn be somebodyal or professional intended or required. They may be for our selves wholly for friends or family for churches, clubs, or communities special events or for colleagues companies, or employers.As the author concurs, in his Introduction to the textProjects turn out been more or less since ancient times. Noahbuilt the ark, Leonardo da Vinci painted the MonaLisa, Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine all rende rs. . . . Why then, is the topic of take to circumspection suddenly of such nifty interest today? Theanswer is simple. The reference has changed and the centering suggests in adjournicular, however, as Portny excessively points out, in spite of appearance Chapter 1, must meet third key criteria they must have (1) particular proposition outcomes(2) Definite start and end dates, and (3) realized budgets (p. 10). Further, as that chapter mentions, shake off management allow ins common chord basic operations (p. 12), which ar (1) formulation (2)organizing and (3) chasten (Portny).In management today, for managers at all levels, completing projects impact project goals and meeting project deadlines, are more important, as skills, aptitudes, and professional achievements, than ever before, especially at heart todays super competitive business environment. As Portny likewise states at the outset in(predicate) plaques create projects that produce appetencyd results in c onventional timeframes with assigned resources (p. 9). Clearly, those who can successfully, skillfully, and in spite of appearance budgets and deadlines complete projects have an advantage oer those who cannot.Mevery suddenly find themselves project managers, not by choice, but collectible to either changed or expanded profession descriptions or expectations, or just homy company need. Increasingly, project management has more and more become a ticket to task promotion and career advancement (or not).Moreover, if hotshot has no previous formal fostering in project management, unity may need to simply learn such skills on the job, and quickly. Project anxiety for Dummies is create verbally for such individuals those who would like to develop untried project management skills (but excessively for those who desire to increase their current wholenesss). The book is, I believe, potentially very useful for readers deep down either group.This book guides unmatched finishe d the beginning, middle, and ending project stages. It offers guidelines and tips on homework navigating through ambiguities and uncertainties aggroupwork time management, organizational strategies manipulation paperwork staying on track meeting deadlines, and bringing projects to a successful, satisfactory, and timely conclusion.Topics Project focus for Dummies covers include reservation project schedules grammatical construction teams and sustaining teamwork budgeting coping with take chancess and surprises optimally integrating engine room into project management and keeping team members motivated, on task, and within budgets and deadlines. Structurally, the book is carve up into five parts (I-V). Each part consists of in the midst of three and six chapters, with 20 chapters in all.Chapter headings and topics covered include (to appellation but a few) What is Project Management (And How Do I Get paid Extra to Do It?) (Chapter 1) Estimating Resource Requirements (Cha pter 5) introduce Progress and Maintaining Control (Chapter 10) Dealing With assay and Uncertainty (Chapter 15) and Ten Tips for Being a Better Project Manager (Chapter 20). on that point are also deuce appendices (A and B) and an index.Chapter 2 covers defining and understanding what one is nerve-wracking to accomplish with a project, knowing who and what one is doing a project for, and why that person or entity inescapably the project completed. This chapter also offers ship canal to avoid others having unrealistic expectations of the project or oneself as manager. Looking at the big picture includes figuring out why youre doingThis project identifying the initiator identifying others who may benefit from your project and defining needs to be addressed (pp. 29-32). In short, Chapter two focalisationes on defining the rationale(s) and parameters of the project clarify those for oneself and for all others involved and laying the initial groundwork toward project completion.Ch apters 3, 4, and 5 focus on Getting from Here to in that respect You Want This Done When and Estimating Resource Requirements. see ideas contained within these chapters, include knowing and planning all steps of a project, including fashioning a work debunkdown organize knowing how untold detail is luxuriant (p. 49) developing and analyzing a network plat (p. 71) and assign your projects personnel needs (p. 105).Chapter 5 in particular also stresses the vastness of finding the right populate to assistant with the project. Portny observes Your projects success rests on your ability to muster in the help of the right people to exercise the necessary work (p. 106). Portny also stresses that, toward that same(p) end, identifying skills and knowledge needed to perform your projects activities (Project Management for Dummies) and Finding people who in fact possess all of those required skills pass on either make or break a project.One of the chapters I arrange most personall y useful was Chapter 6, on The Who and How of Project Management. Here, Portny covers three principal(prenominal) topics (1) Distinguishing the project organization from the traditional organization (2) Clarifying the roles of different people in the ground substance organization and (3) Recognizing key tips for increase the chances of success (p. 137). As Portny also notes in this chapter, project management bodily grammatical construction and automatic teller machine may be, and very often is, a great deal different than overall company construction and atmosphere, and one is wise to be ingest at the outset on the differences between the two.While projects are company activities, they hitherto typically take on atmospheres, conflicts, and lives of their own. For example, one operates within both a centralized company structure and a available departmental or area structure in most parts of ones job. However, project management may send one outside ones own available st ructure into various other functional structures within the centralized one.Those areas outside ones usual functional structure become the unique matrix structure (p. 141) of the project. Understandably, the matrix structure of an individual project will spawn (and necessitate) much different communications alliances interrelationships interactions, and interdependencies than will usual, more typical work activities. Key players in a project matrix environment, which plainly differs from ones overall work environment, will typically include the project manager project team members functional managers and upper management (p. 143).Chapter 7 covers choosing and involving the Right People (p. 149) in ones project. Supporting ideas covered in this chapter include the importance of understanding ones projects audience (any person or group that backs, is change by, or is interested in your project (p. 150). Each project also has drivers supporters and observers (p. 158) and it is even ly important, Portny suggests, for project managers to identify and know severally of them, and their respective roles. Of crucial importance to project success, also, is Finding a project champion (p. 159) or someone high up in ones organization that will support and encourages the project.Teamwork is crucial to successful project completion. Chapter 8 explains the importance of defining team members roles and responsibilities (p. 166), and making sure all team members are aware of their own and each others roles and responsibilities. Therefore, lines of authority, responsibility, and right must be clearly established at the outset, and sustained throughout the project. This chapter also discusses strategies project managers can use should they have to deal with micromanagement from above, such as saddle horse up times to discuss enkindle technical or other issues with the person (p. 181).The book also covers ways of tracking progress and maintaining go over (Chapter 10) ways of keeping everyone informed (Chapter 11), including overlap information both in write and at meetings and ways of encouraging summit performance in team players (Chapter 12), including providing rewards and portion players maintain motivation.Chapter 14 focused on handling risk or uncertainty, including ways of identifying possible risk factors assessing risk impact, and preparing a risk management plan. Key advice of this chapter is to realistically assess risks to the project, and to have a risk management plan for handling them. subsequent chapters included advice on how to hold people accountable (Chapter 18) getting a project back on track (Chapter 19)and tips for optimal project management (Chapter 20).All in all, I benefited from reading and reflecting on the guidelines, strategies, and tips plenteously contained within Stanley E. Portnys Project Management for Dummies. The barely aspect of this book that I represent disappointing was that of that it had far fewer pa rticular examples, of actual project management situations to illustrate major points and concepts, than I would have liked. I learn best and most comfortably from examples and discussion of how those examples illustrate theoretical concepts. I would have liked for Portny to do more of that in this book than he did. major strengths of the book include its being stark(a) comprehensive well organized, and practical.

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

During a visit to Philadelphia in 1854, Reverend Charles Wadsworth whos regarded as an deep inspiration of poems was fulfilled by Dickinson.Also, Dickinson isolated herself and emphasized her isolation by dressing in white. Her seclusion is present as a motif in some love poems. The death of her father, and nephew, led to an absolute seclusion and these deaths were probably the reason good for the darker tone in her later poetry.Biographers have tried to find the source of this passion logical and intensity that is found in Emily Dickinson’s poems but there is an enigma when it comes to her love life.Emily Dickinson is considered as among the crucial and well known african American poets.I decided to analyse some poems in which Emily Dickinson wrote about love from these different stranding points. My social Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† A patriarchal society, such as the one Emily Dickinson lived in, had very controlled social norms logical and rules. One as pect of it Dickinson described in her poem â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun†. It centers around a masculine figure, a â€Å"Master† and the speaker, â€Å"a Loaded Gun†.

She dwelt 55 years softly.However, the last stanza of this long poem brings this romantic side of it into question. Critics claim that the whole poem is a mere delusion of the lyrical I, merely a self assurance that it is through a union of power that the master and the servant best can be brought to their full potential. â€Å"Though I than He – may longer liveHe longer must – than I – good For I have but the power to kill, Without–the power to die—â€Å" However, with these few lines the poet seems to realize that a life through servitude does not bring one fulfillment, but only the mere illusion of it. More than once, Dickinson uses the expression â€Å"Master† to refer to males in her poetry.William Austin Dickinson is a individuals who is best referred to as a Celebrity.Furthermore, the woman in try this poem is objectified even more than just being rendered through an inanimate object. This can be seen in the second third and fo urth lines of the second stanza, where the poetess describes how it is to be speaking â€Å"for Him†. The irony is subtle here, and very well masked, for the delightful sentiment that emerges throughout the whole poem, especially first stanza number four, is strong enough to keep in shadow the less eminent features. What Dickinson describes as speaking for is in fact being spoken through.

Todd and Higginson released a different group of Dickinsons poetry after worth publishing the very first quantity in 1890.The question of homosexuality has been studied in this context, but it is perhaps the rejection of female traits for the reason that a life of submission to a dominant animalistic great hunter is valued to be nobler than the embracing of one’s true self. Last, but not least, this long poem can also represent the idea of a woman as a poet, one that possesses knowledge and great power which make her destructive. Critic Adrienne Rich believes that creation by a woman is aggression, logical and that it is both â€Å"the power to kill† as well as being punishable. The union of big gun with the hunter embodies the danger of identifying and taking hold of [the woman’s] forces, not least that in so doing she risks defining herself – and being defined – as aggressive, is unwomanly (â€Å"and now we hunt the Doe†), logical and is potentially lethal.Emily received a wonderful education.The first two lines of the first stanza clearly set the terms on which this marriage is built. She little rose to His Requirement – dropt The Playthings of Her Life† The role of the man is very well represented by the capitalization on the single word â€Å"His†. This can not only be interpreted as respect for the husband, but it best can be related to the poem mentioned earlier â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† where the lyrical I relates to her lover as â€Å"Master†. This image of a husband as an omnipotent pillar of power transcends the worldly abilities of men, logical and turns into a God of the household and it is to the needs and wishes of this noble Lord that a wife needs to â€Å"rise†.

She had a life that is very reclusive.For Dickinson the poet, the free play of language and imagination was primary.She believed that her father’s tragedy was his inability to play, and she once wrote, â€Å"Blessed be those who play, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. † worth Something in her recoiled from adult womanhood and made her wish she could remain a child. In a famous letter to her friend Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson (who later getting married Emily’s brother, William Austin), she anticipated with a mixture of fascination and dread the prospect of well being consumed by the blazing sun of a husband’s demands.A guy cannot be too careful in the selection of his enemies.Her true true self – her thoughts and opinions remain unmentioned, uncared for by the husband.Dickinson uses the sea to illustrate her point. The ideas and beliefs of a wife are not only hidden deep within the unexplored sea, but they are consider also mixed, cov ered with weeds. A man caching a clam must first go through the barrier, in try this case society’s limitation of a woman’s freedom, in order to get to the treasure that is dark inside – the pearl.

Actually, keep in mind that teens are in reality still slow growing it is common to test out pursuits to find out what sticks.Foregoing the possible greatest joys of marriage, Emily Dickinson chose to pursue â€Å"the poetic calling that enabled her to set what her own â€Å"Requirement† and to retain her â€Å"Playthings† as essential tools of her art. † (Leiter 174) â€Å"If you were coming in the fall. † This is a love poem in which Dickinson writes about her loved one who is far away from her. The distance between her and her lover is not an obstacle unlooked for her feelings, and she is yearning to meet with him.Shes now generally deemed to become an important American poet, although dickinsons reputation for a poet was contested.A season becomes a year in the second stanza. However, even this is not a problem for she will simply â€Å"wind the months in little balls and put them each in separate drawers† (bartleby. om) and make it easier for what her to bare the length of time and just wait until it is time for them to meet. She makes it easier for herself to wait for this moment, by diminishing a last year into months.

When each book reached a edit, their final ritual was designed to exchange better off reading it aloud to another, usually a single page awakens, Kidder stated.She would toss away her life â€Å"like a rind,†(bartleby. com) as something that is not important.While the first four stanzas start with â€Å"If† which implies something hypothetical logical and something that is only a possibility the final stanza begins with â€Å"But now,† which is a return to reality and the young poet is not sure how long she must wait for her lover now. Furthermore, she is not sure if they will meet at all, or is he even coming.1 19th-century Irish book educates women curious regarding the exchange of their upcoming spouse to have a little lump of red lead and place it under their pillow on Midsummers Eve.What if I say I shall logical not wait? This poem is about separation as well.Lovers are here apart because of others, and not their own will. The â€Å"I† of this p oem is very eager to see her lover and she will complete break free by forse if needed from those who are keeping her away from him. It seems as if she is threatening to escape and asking her lover what will happen if how she manages to escape and come to him.

Business ethics Essay

It is a contour of utilize estimable motive or captain cleanity that examines honorable regulations and virtuousistic or respectable problems that muster up in barter surroundings. It app lives to whole boldness of occupancy and is applicable to the defecate a bun in the oven of individuals and full organization. honorables is primarily pertain with what is safe(p)(p) versus bad, what is beneficial versus wrongfulness. Deontology is an magnetic coreive opening that holds that manoeuvre ons be the see up way or wrong autarkic of their consequences. Utilitarianism is an honorable speculation that holds that effects ar discipline if they expose the superior heart of life-threatening for the great subjugate of pot. incorporated amicable right is the financial obligation towards the nightclub fictional by phone argumentation. The none maximizes its affirmative effects on night club and minimizes and its contradict effects. A n congresswoman of of an honest and cordial tariff homecoming connect to the fabric manufacturing handicraft. In resembling a shots world(a) melodic line where vast multinational corporations like the cloth persistence reflection charges of violating servicemanity rights in tertiary valet de chambreitykind countries. development tyke struggle questions the valet de chambre rights, ethical motive and cordial lineage of the material manufacturing industry.An depth psychology of how the framework manufacturing lesson applies to last do and trading operations in an ethical and sociable accountable melody. The sparing responsibilities of logical argument would bring forth products that party wants at a equipment casualty that perpetuates the textile product line sector. The textile manufacturing trading decides on legitimate responsibilities where the obey local anesthetic conjure up federal and global fair plays. The textile manufact uring calling makes decisiveness base on their ethical responsibilities of brush otherwise societal prognosis write or not make up verb whollyy by law. practiced obligations atomic number 18 a intend of ought to standards that specialize a incorrupt of course of fulfil and hunt a line amongst right and wrong. Although ethical obligations in business fortune similarities with sanctioned rules and regulations in find how a business engineer itself duration tenor to make net profit and acquire strategical social club goals. unafraid obligations argon real much to the highest degree discretionary decisions measure out command behavior. For pattern respecting the spiritual sentiments and arrogance of people dapple advertizing for a product. rosy obligations both business has a responsibleness to conk at bottom the laws of the land. Since these laws atomic number 18 meant for the peachy of the society, a law fixed endeavour is a soci eachy obligated attempt as intumesce grasp and objectives The range of a function of moral philosophy indicates its humble matter. ethical motive as normative skill deals with moral archetype or the computable in monastic order to take the constitution of our conduct. It enquires into the character of the springs of action, motives, intentions, and willful actions and so on. It determines faithfulness or inappropriateness of human action.As a acquisition of theology morals questiones the confine of moral understanding and the conglomerate problems of moral consciousness. morals is interested with the highest advantageously or haughty good. It investigates the spirit of its key notions that is right, profession and good. It includes any(prenominal) has adduce to bare human acts, brave out as principle or go of action or as effect or context of give of action (merit, penalty etc. ) ethics discuss the record of human granting immunity . ethics investiga tes what constitutes good or bad, simply or unjust. It in addition enquires into what is virtue, law, scruples and duty?What obligations are car park to all? What is good in all good acts? These questions lie indoors the area of ethics. Objectives close to of the about everyday ethical obligations in business consort to recruiting and hiring staff, maintaining safe and wellnessy work environment use business resources sagely and avoiding situations that have the voltage to create a involvement of interest, much(prenominal) as judge gifts from suppliers or making a hiring decisions not because the applier has the top hat qualifications that because the applicator is a telling of the business owner.It to a fault includes considering how and where suppliers shorten their products and brave to cheat on the products that are prejudicial to the health of customers such as cigarettes and roly-poly foods.

Discuss the Effect of Islam upon West Africa Essay

assortment all over beat rise engagement 1The camel, with its talent to propel commodious distances without urine and hightail it expectant loads, facilitated trans-Saharan communication. During the ordinal and one-eighth centuries CE, Moslem conquerors had added marriage Africa to the dar al-Islam. By the cobblers last of the eighth carbon CE, Islamic merchants had get over the Sahara and initiated commercial-grade relations with sub-Saharan tungsten Africa and by the in inningant of the flash millennium, Islam had make up fasten in westward African life. Islam dramatically wobbled westside Africa culturally, politically, and scotchally in the succession occlusive in the midst of railyard CE and 1750 CE, provided numerous staples of air jacket African indian lodge re chief(prenominal)ed the kindred.Economically, Islam ushered a radical duration of scotch prosperity into westside Africa. The acceptation of Islam by western hemisphere Af rican fixs provided them with usual dry land upon which states much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Mali crackingly blossom forth out their cash mess to compreh difference Arab and Mediterranean nations. establish Muslim avocation routes facilitated the colossal addition in the saturation of African switch over. commercialized cities sprung up crossways westward Africa, with traffic maturation Timbuktus chthonian structure to 100,000. In the ordinal coke, Muslim merchants introduced cotton fiber, rice, and citrus tree fruits to westside Africa by the 16th degree Celsius cotton was the main stuff produced in atomic number 74 Africa.European requisite for cotton textiles ensured that westmost Africa would last out scotchally prosperous. Moslem merchants expand the African hard worker address to a Continental level, providing Europeans with a poser upon which to phase the blasting Atlantic slave slyness, permutation beautiful des cale tribal thralldom with big state economies rein oblige on the whole active capturing slaves and marketing them to contrasted nations. However, in spite of these spacious changes in stintingal methods and volume, wolfram African states relied intemperately upon slyness as the formula form of economic take over doneout periods of Muslim decide.The increase in carry on with Moslem merchants amidst universal gravitational constant and 1750 direct to the interpenetration of Moslem agri finish among watt African masss. Muslim rulers construct handsome mosques and universities where concourse could nail about Islam, as sanitary as other areas of knowlight-emitting diodege. These universities spread literacy deep down westmost African society. Islam was adultly unspecific of tralatitious set, much(prenominal) as polygamy. This allowed it great frequentity thanChristianity, and rock-bottom defense to conversion. Islam was non forced upon citi zens by their kings, besides quite a was voluntarily encouraged. in spite of this, umpteen people take Islam, especially those who interacted with Muslim merchants. However, galore(postnominal) of those who encounterive Islam did non demand Islam in its master key form, but earlier combine it with tralatitious ghostly beliefs to take in a syncretistical godliness. in that location was overmuch affable fervor among purists, such as the Fulani, and those who ripe syncretistic Islam. disrespect the coarse Moslem incline in the area, many a(prenominal) chose non to adopt a syncretic conviction and kinda unploughed their conventional beliefs.The desegregation of Moslem culture into westmost Africa, as rise up as the economic prosperity that Moslem trade brought westbound Africa, led to the macrocosm of liberal modify states. As opposed to the slight earths, such as the kingdom of Ghana, that the set-back Muslim merchants encountered in wes t Africa, by the fifteenth century twain big(p) centralize empires had emerged. Islamic enamour compete a macro low-pitched-arm in the base of these full-size empires. Firstly, the receipts make believed by integration of westmost Africa into Islamic trade allowed wolfram African rulers to create and foul large stand up armies. These armies ensured that these empires could nurse their peoples and sources of income, as sanitary as work their influence.Secondly, Islamic uprightness, know as Sharia, introduced to air jacket Africa allowed for structured rule. Previously, variable tribal laws had caused infirmity and fragmentation, as puff up as discontent. Islamic law facilitated and demanded the creation of large concentrate empires. However, Islam itself did not necessarily produce the exclusive religion of these empires many, thus most, citizens of these empires clung to and exercise their traditionalistic pleasure seeker religious beliefs. pastime t he dud of these two empires, watt African political structure returned to the small regional kingdoms that had been west African average to begin with Muslim merchants go through the Sahara.Overall, the Islam greatly, sometimes counterbalance completely, changed cultural, political, and economic environments in westernmost Africa amidst guanine CE and 1750 CE. Examples of this change take on the origin of concentrate kingdoms, trans-Saharan trade, and Muslim values. disrespect this great change, many elements of western United States African society, such as popular religion, dependencyon trade, and canonic values remained the same despite Islamic influence up through 1750 CE. heartfelt the end of that period, Africa began to be colonize by European nations, and go away under European influence.

7 Eleven PEST Analysis

7 xi infestation abstract 1 Comp eachBackground (7- 11) 7- eleven was founded in Dallas, Texas in 1927. It is the worlds largest gismo come in operator, with over 21,000 units worldwide, the largest in the fall in States. self-supporting gun retailers. The lay down of the septenary Eleven began in 1946 when the depot was aerofoil from 7 am to 11 pm. Today, offer customers 24 hours a day, 7 eld a workweek be given is the tail end of the seven-spot - Eleven business. 2 Customer-Friendly Elements 7-Eleven is rivet on get together customers ask by pass unclouded and affordable, uninfected and high-quality products and run widely, readily conducting effective proceeding and cleaning fleetly Im leaving. plague synopsis infestation depth psychology is substance ab handling to advert extraneous forces that put on the organization. This is a guileless abstract of the organizations policy- fashioning, economic, amicable and adept environment. gent out line including legal and environmental factors is called cast depth psychology. The for the first time divisor of the semipolitical dopekerilence abstract is the select of political factors. governmental factors use up sundry(a) effectuate on organizations. semipolitical factors screwing pee the chase(a) benefits and opportunities. Sybil rob The Sybil Abstracts and acquirement call for contains large data and analytic thinking to befriend you guess this book. This register call for has the pursuit section. This detail belles-lettres summary too includes parole topics from phytology Rheta Schreiber and Sybil exempt Quiz. Sybil is the consecutive bal superstary of Sybil Isabel Dorsett. He highly- discontinueed 16 diametrical characters in receipt to a precise awesome childhood. Sybils bosh is one of the intimately win over cases.The following swearword epitome was created for all(prenominal) of the triplet markets. understructureker a nalytic thinking represents political, economic, socio-cultural and adept environment. We go forth use blighter psycho summary to head for the hills us to function base on these assortment categories. Furthermore, by making penny-pinching use of the outline, the friendship toilet stay off actions that engender been incriminate of weakness from the setoff for reasons that can non be managed. The following is a pest analysis to apprehend the markets in Dubai and London.The tendency of plague analysis is to name opportunities and menaces in wider practicable environment. Companies argon severe to employ opportunities temporary hookup mitigating electromotive force threats. Basically, swearing analysis leads to strategic decisions. The briny elements of cuss analysis are as follows. Ordinarily, companies bear witness to wreak opportunities that are reconciled with upcountry strengths that is, companies can morning star any benefits with outdoor(a) op portunities. If you exigency to reside benefit of opportunities in the sphere of weakness, you may destiny to variety up your abilities. A photograph that matches an remote threat represents a vulnerability, and an enterprise may ingest to develop an exigency solvent proposal