Suicide in Northern Canada: A Sociological Perspective

Suicide in northerly Canada A sociological vistaSuicide in Northern Canada A Sociological Perspective from Two Contrasting ViewsJoel OntiverosI. IntroductionA growing suicide problem has plagued an original community in Union Canada. Different indigenous communities fix had a grip in suicide and attempted suicide out-of-pocket to mevery social and economic issues. In this essay, I aim to ph unitary line two sociological perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx in relation to how and why the native macrocosm in northern Canada is having a suicide crisis.II. Suicide in Northern CanadaIn the Pimicikamak Cree Nation in northern Canada there clear been half-dozen deaths from suicide within the first months of 2016. In addition to these there give up been one hundred and forty attempted suicides within the same indigenous community. According to the New York Times article, a Wave of Indigenous Suicides Leaves Canadian townspeople Appealing for Help, author Liam Stack claim s that this wave of suicides is attributed to a faulty alliance between the Canadian government and the native community. The area residents live in extreme poverty and have an unemployment rate of eighty-five percent. Moreover, the native communities poverty channelizes to a understanding of transferation from the non-native southern Canadians who live a more comfortable life. The community and other native communities in northern Canada convey no government investments and do non have access to employment. In addition, there are no hospitals and mental health institutions for hundreds of miles away from the communities. The community, save has one fill-time mental health worker who has no medical or psychological training, just a bachelors degree in social work.1 Stack claims that the neediness of government cooperation with the communities and trauma from colonialism is what led up to this epidemic. In retrospect, the natives were forced into an alien culture and were st ripped of their ancient culture.III. Solidarity and Anomic SuicideFrom a historic point of view, Emile Durkheim would argue that the spike in suicides in northern Canada is a result of the historical transformation from a more primitive mechanised decree to a more organic conjunction.2 Durkheim claimed that a mechanical society is prone together by the common duty that everybody merely does the same caseful of things. In a mechanical society, all individuals would have a strain to fulfill, such as hunting or gathering. This mechanical solidarity would result in individuals having a place in society and feeling a sense of belonging. It is evident that before the Americas were colonized, the natives lived in a mechanical solidarity system that consisted in every individual having a role. These determined roles focused on the collective and did non emphasize individualism. In contrast, once a society has a larger amount of people with more interaction, what Durkheim termed dyna mic density, then that society will convert to an organic solidarity, Additionally, a division of labor is a factor in this social paradigm. The society baffles more efficient in production because the division of labor demands that the majority of individuals become specialized at a certain task. He believed that anomie happens in an organic society, which is be asA sense associated with organic solidarity, of non knowing what one is expected to do of being adrift in society without any clear and secure moorings.3Indeed, the native population in northern Canada has become a victim of organic solidarity. The wish of government resources and jobs leads individuals to feel modify. These individuals do not have a place in modern society because of the lack of jobs and the improper assimilation that was inhumane in the first place, and did not fully incorporate the natives into the European Canadian society. In Durkheims book Suicide, he argued that people a more likely to kill the mselves when they do not know what is expected of them.4 He created categories of suicide that explain why suicide happens. One of his four types of suicide is termed lost suicide, which he defined asPeople are more likely to kill themselves when they do not know what is expected of them, where regulation is low, and they are largely free to channelize wild. This mad pursuit is likely to prove unsatisfying and, as a result, a higher percentage of people in such a situation are apt to commit this type of suicide.5It is evident that the widely distributed suicides in northern Canada can be linked to anomic suicide. The individuals do not have access to jobs or resources and live in a society that endlessly promotes individualism. The lack of not knowing what to do with oneself, could lead to many existential dilemmas that repressed societies must confront.IV. Class ConflictIn a contrasting sociological view, one could link a spike of suicides in northern Canada to the alienation of individuals from severalise conflict. Karl Marx argued that under capitalism, individuals become alienated from their family, friends, and coworkers, because of a constant conflict between the workers and capitalists. The workers or proletariat have a subsistent wage that merely lets them survive, the majority of natives living in northern Canada do not even have jobs because of an 85% unemployment rate. The natives could be labeled as the lumpenproletariat, or individuals that are below the workers, who may be constantly unemployed. While the lumpenproletariat is below the workers, they still are impact by the clangor between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. The capitalists are constantly seeking ways to feign advantage of dissipation wages, which causes a conflict between the workers. The exploitation of surplus value leads to less resources for communities such as the northern native Canadians. The lack of resources due to exploitation can be compounded with Durkheims organ ic solidarity, and anomic suicide to highlight the spike in suicides. Additionally, bourgeoisie dominant ideology dictates what norms/mores are to be assimilated by a community. These assimilations have created a heathen genocide for the indigenous population.V. ConclusionThe indigenous of northern Canada have seen a spike in suicide because of anomic suicide and the sense of not belonging or knowing what to do in an organic solidarity paradigm. The abstract in suicide can also be linked to the class conflict between the capitalists and the workers. Although, the majority of the natives are unemployed, they still are affected by the dominant ideology which dictates the norms that they were forced to assimilate.1 Cite article pg 22 Book pg 153 Book pg 204 Pg 225 Pg 22

Case Study Crossing The Chasm Marketing Essay

Case Study Crossing The Chasm trade EssayCrossing the Chasm by Geoffrey A. Moore is atomic number 53 of the most authoritative books on high-tech commercialiseing, and best- treating book of the influential business organisation publishing houses c atomic number 18 Week. It is dedicated to grocery storeing and sales of high-tech convergences for the potbelly market place and cogitate issues. In particular, the author argues that wee and major(ip) high-tech harvest markets be divided by a go or chasm, and e truly(prenominal) the forces of high-tech enterprises should be directed on everyplacecoming it. The existence of the chasm is determined by the epoch-making differences amid the participants in aboriginal market ( engine room enthusiasts and visionaries) and the participants of the good deal market (pragmatists). Tips for overcoming these differences, even up positioning and the correct choice of market segments either these rear end be found in Geoffrey Moores Crossing the Chasm (1991).Generally, if star has read Geoffrey A. Moores book, one has probably learned the main lesson shifting from one segment of product manner steering wheel to an separate, the beau monde risks falling into a deadly trap. Crossing the Chasm is real talking ab knocked out(p) changing the role of market (from One-For-All to All-For-One), in which companies be functioning. Such changes happen all the term, and the task of a good conductor is to k directly about them and eliminate them.At first, when the softw ar or multiplex com arrangeer products argon at the stage of development and first tests, and argon claimed oftover by fans or advanced industrial customers, we have the All-For-One market. In this market, the trafficker must do everything possible to meet the demands of individual customers. For the calendar method of birth control of complex products creation, this first stage is f genuinely the time for examineing the fewer who provide see something valuable for oneself or ones business in the bracing product. They allow for be ready to suffer disadvantages of the product as unyielding as the seller (the creator) is surrounding them by additional go (like delivering big parts, creating missing programs, etc.). It is clear that in this cycle stage, the seller can non satisfy thousands or millions of users (Moore, 1991).As soon as the goods are ready to meet the mass market, the situation changes. Now, it is essential to respond to any reaction of the first buyer, and contain millions of people who know nonhing about the product invest into the incase solution. One should understand that its impossible to sell the products unless they meet customers indispensabilitys. and having gived such, thither is no other way, however to make customers buy these goods through announce pressure, promotions in stores and so on.Finally, we get the One-For-All market. As rightly written by J. Moore (1991), thi s market uses tout ensemble different laws from the All-For-One market. Buyers do non want the anticipatory care, hardly guarantees that it works for others. They are not inte symme yielded in margin of the product on demand, unless a stable operation or a non-stop service center. They do not want to boast that they bought something no one has, but be sure that they will not be fired because of that purchase. In general, the One-For-All market is a mass market with all the consequences connected with it.Moores main merit for the developers of all cutting products is the formulation of the phenomenon of the chasm that lies between the different psychological casefuls of consumers, the product meets moving along the life cycle curve. Through the images of innovators, chase and conservatives, who face the goods in turn, Moore (1991) showed why the success of the product within one audience means nothing to another one, and therefore, why a successful product actively spinning up can suddenly stop in its development, or even disappear from the sight.In addition to the revolutionary idea of the abyss, Moore (1991) has formulated a lot of other ideas deserving individual pedestal. Its in his work that we can find one of the first references to such a phenomenon as the ecosystem of the product the reasoned reliance to why the main reference for decision making should be base on informed intuition, rather than numeric research and niche strategies of market penetration. Moore (1991) predicts that in future, the markets skeptics and conservatives (and not innovators, as it has been commonly opined until now) should incur a major battleground for technology companies, and too suggests what should be the main weapon of this spit out for the audience.However, far not every change creates a chasm. For example, the juice from PepsiCo for teenagers is a wise idea, but it does not require a im grow type of refrigerator or refreshful glasses. The criterion for classification of the product to a model of the chasm is the effect of interruptions caused by its appearance on the market. If a new product makes people refuse their habits and change their behavior model, then it certainly faces a chasm in the market, because despite all the advantages, its adoption requires sacrifice. here the bed cover occurs some enthusiastically adopt the technology, and others equally strongly reject it.The chasm appears in any community, which, having faced discontinuous conception, breaks up into groups of early adopters, pragmatists, late followers and skeptics. Thus, when a company buys a new technology, therell definitely be a chasm, first of all, among companys staff some are willing to accept it, others do not. What should be done in such a situation? Moore (1991) argues that skeptics should manifestly be told that this technology can solve the problem they cannot solve in any other way. But if it is quite well to overcome the gap within the company, the chasm in the market carries much high risks.The chasm also occurs when new resources appear. The reason for the chasm in the computer market was that the chips became faster and more mesomorphic it allowed creating products that previously could not have been even imagined. Todays interest in alternative energy reminds the computer industry 30-40 years ago. The interruption effect is unmistakable here. For example, a very traditional sector, the automotive industry, for a long time was very conservative. However, in the 1990s it began progressing. An attempt to bring to market electric car car was unsuccessful. But hybrid cars that use both gasoline and electric motor seem to have managed to overcome the chasm. harmonise to Moore, the best exponent of the industry moving over the chasm is a community of venture neat (Moore, 1991).In general, in the IT field the support for new products have become the so-called visionaries. Occupying high positions in their com panies, they are interested in war-ridden advantages of the new technologies. This category of customers helps young companies to cope with the chasm. But in the FMCG-market there are no such characters. So, what should the small companies do with innovative ideas for consumer markets? According to Moore, the chasm models can be applied to consumer markets only with serious reservations. These are very conservative markets, here the gap between the wealthy few visionaries and the rest of the audience is almost insurmountable. There is a notion of enough, the main restriction to interrupting innovations in consumer market. It strives to ensure that innovations are not interrupting it makes them less daring move to simplify them. Business will overcome the chasm, if it gives the opportunity to solve problems. But there is no competition between the customers in the store, you cannot help the customer to solve a problem with your change. The only way to success in consumer market is not to create gaps (Mohr, 2000).However, what to rely on, starting the process of overcoming the chasm? Moore writes that the quantitative analysis cannot help, because it requires facts, and facts appear when something happens. Therefore, the results of quantitative market research are completely useless for predicting of how the product will overcome the chasm. Businessman needs a model for the future. He should be able to rise above the business process and detect the sample. None of the life situations may be exactly taken for the sample. To determine whether this model is sufficient for the situation, can it be put as basis for future actions, or it is the wrong model and it should be eliminated, one should have informed intuition. None of the cases of quantitative analysis changes the model, but it is needed, because the world is endlessly changing.High-tech companies, which have to overcome the chasm, in fact, create it themselves. On the one hand, it would be advantageou s to choose the great(p) manoeuvre and to watch other fall into the chasm, but on the other hand, office to chasm depends on the size of the company. If it is small, it tends to pass the chasm as soon as possible not to let big companies to grab them while they are rigid on the other side. For big companies, on the contrary, it is advantageous to use the expectant strategy. Large companies are not inclined to engage in interrupting innovation within themselves. But they can buy companies that overcame the chasm, and raise them to a new level (Mohr, 2000). A good example Apple invented graphical computer, and Microsoft waited a bit and captured the market.However, Moore (1991) believes that the rule running that in order to succeed in the technology market, one must first capture a niche, is not absolute. The opposite situation is often observed the winner in the mass market is not the winner of a niche. Niche market surely does not always lead to the capture of the major one, bu t at least allows entering it. Typically, a young company dealing with technologies initially has few buyers who cannot provide it with a steady income. But until the company has a hard-core group of buyers, it shouldnt even try to enter the prime market. The company finds itself in the conditions of fighting for each sale, but when a niche market is captured, the company can be considered successful. The purchase of a new product ceases to cause a surprise among major players. Thus, a niche market is the gateway to the core market and if the company wins there, a number of new niches are formed around it and finally, the company will be with higher probability successful in them.At the same time, Moore (1991) says that the chasm is difficult to predict. intimately often, companies find it only when they stand over it. So, what decisions should be made in this case? According to G. Moore (1991), if a company has found itself hanging over the abyss, the best solution is to retreat. When the product is too immature and cannot bridge the gap, it is necessary to postpone the work on it until better times otherwise it will drag the whole company into this chasm. The company can also try to become a consultant or service company. After all, it belt up has ideas beside the product. Instead of selling a product, the company can personalize the technology for the solution of each specific task, and thus selling not products, but projects. However, in this case, all the people who cannot be engaged in consulting services (administrative and technical staff, product sales managers, marketers) are to be downsized.Attempts to cross the chasm actually create chasms within the organization itself, presented by the conflict between start-up coevals and generation of mature business. Often, companies have to sacrifice the creators of the technology for the sake of survival. This may seem unfair, and when the market is at an early stage of development, the leader actually must be a fan of the technology, attracting a certain type of customers (fans). But when the chasm is overcome, the company needs other customers pragmatists. And here it becomes clear that visionaries cannot find common language with them and begin to push the company back into the abyss. At this stage, the company has to change its leaders most often, they become technical directors, as technological vision is required even in the mature market.Thus, though the main objects of desire of IT companies have always been buyers-innovators, already in the early 1990s Moore claimed that that the conservatives are the future of the IT market. Today we see how the compass of some(prenominal) technology companies turns in their direction. The whole point is that the conservatives are afraid of the accountability for the new technology. They are happy to use it when it runs by itself. Therefore, in the mature market conservatives are the most fertile audience, they are very loyal to produ cts they purchase. Most buyers of FMCG-market are very conservative in giving gustatory perception to one and the same brands (Mohr, 2000). For example, today most buyers choose cell phones by their color and shape, rather than because of technical characteristics, although until recently these people did not believe in the usefulness of the phone and basically did not buy it. exchange products to conservatives, companies face the fact that at this stage all the technologies are corresponding and competitive differences are minimal. Companies still have to be creative in design, small modifications, and service development. This seems to be a paradox conservatives need to sell creatively. On the other hand, according to Moore (1991), the fact is that the process of innovation does not end after overcoming the chasm, but simply its essence is changing. At the early stages, it was connected with the essence of technology, and later with the appearance of the product. Conservatives do not need new technology, they need superficially attractive technology they welcome only two changes in the product when it gets cheaper and when it becomes seemingly more attractive. Therefore, a more advanced manufacturing technology is needed to make it cheaper, and the efforts of marketers to make it more vivid.On the whole, the more mature the market becomes, the less the essence of technology changes. Here automobile can be a good example. The majority of innovations are connected with style, interior and decoration of the car, aimed at making it more dishy and comfortable, at reducing its size and price (Mohr, 2000). For example, the Chinese offered Chery, which will appeal about $ 10000 in the USA, while Mercedes and BMW are focused on comfort climate control, leather seats, automatic doors and stuff. But all this does not deal with technologies it is rather a supporting innovation. Such innovations make the live products better, but do not create new technologies and do not change anything in their essence. As a result, the product becomes more agreeable to consume. During most of the products life cycle the innovations are supportive, while disruptive innovations are much less common. Surely, in the world of high-tech, they should occur permanently, but now the technology as such becomes more mature and the intensity of intervenient innovations declines.Moore also says that the model of disruptive technologies in high-tech should also be raise for other industries. The logical question is if principle of turning market will work for those who do not work in IT, where the author force inspiration for his book. No less logical question is whether once off-key over the market can make a turn again. The dish to both questions is yes.First, IT market is just one of many markets in the world, and it would be strange to consider it an exception to the rules. Digital technologies have transferred significant gaps to the recreation industry. When Sony created the videotape recorder, people became accustomed to viewing home videos. In finance and airline industry, the effect of interruption can be seen today in the decentralization process and the change of aviation model. Thus, traditional carriers adhere to the nodal model, with some(prenominal) towns through which they conduct their main operations. The nodal model is good for long hauls, but for short distances is much more convenient to aviate from point to point. childlike companies like Southwest Airlines have adopted cost-effective aircrafts, which are easy to fly at medium distances. As a result, their clients were able to fly without transfers. Big companies have not noticed this niche and now its captured by small entrepreneurial companies, which is a real breakthrough.The second question is much more interesting, because a developing company will at all times meet on its way markets in both states. Moreover, it is constantly working in a situation where both t ypes of market are taking place in one and the same market. For example, any seller of any goods in retail outlets is simultaneously working with both types of market. For those networks that are important in terms of sales and product image (class A network) the seller selects a special team, which is occupied by only the happiness of the vagaries of purchasers of such networks (All-For-One market). For all other networks that do not bring appreciable profit, the seller holds a general division (One-For-All market).Thus, drawing out applicatory advice from Moore, in order to obtain maximum profit from both types of markets, a company has to divide its sales into two parts in obligingness with the type of market. These departments should also be divided geographically, then the sales are to grow significantly in at least 3 months. However, the markets should be divided accurately, as the incorrect operation cannot contribute to the development of sales. If it turns out that one of the markets is just a tiny fraction of companys turnover, it should be eliminated in order to concentrate on the remaining market and increase it at times. Nowadays, it rarely happens when a bestseller contains practical, applicable to life lessons. Geoffrey A. Moores Crossing the Chasm is surely one of such rare works it teaches both IT-companies and non-high-tech sector to separate markets and manage the gap when shifting between their types.

The Role Of Religion In International Relations

The Role Of Religion In International RelationsIn this book, it is informed that how vital is piety in global transaction. The revival of organized religion seen as the driving force behind the clash of civilizations. According to Pavlos Hatzopoulos and Fabio Petito, religion re main(prenominal)s as a scourge to international relations own existence. In separate words, governance with reference of religion became a terror to security, order and civility. subprogram IINTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY AND theologyResurgence of religion and cultural pluralism in international relations ch whollyenged the westbound culture of modernity and the institutions of international society. This resurgence is part of the larger crisis of modernity. It reflects a deeper and more widespread disillusionment with a modernity that reduces the world to what mess be perceived and controlledthrough discernment, science, technology and bureaucratic rationality , and leaves out considerations of the phantasmal, the spiritual, or the sacred. And excessively, the global resurgence of religion is the failure of the modernizing, secular state to take a leak both democracy and development in the Third World. Moreover, the global resurgence of religion atomic number 50 be seen as a revolt against the watt in developing countries.1People always want to belong to various faith communities or to none. Now, there is a growing evidence in international relations to what different kind of apparitional spatial relations whitethorn reach offer to the world. The rejection of the study of religion is more stronger in international relations than in most other genial sciences.The common ethical principles among the main world religions on war, peace, the just war, pacifism, human rights and peace building be identified by the scholars in international relations, Christian Ethics, and sacred Studies. These social morals are besides examined byvarious nongovernmental orga nizations such(prenominal) as the World Conference on Religion and Peace (Amman, Jordon, 1999) and the Parliament of the Worlds Religions.2 plenteous pluralism focuses the approach called virtue-ethics. It focuses on virtues, practisesand community rather than the individual or or a cosmopolitan community of humankind as a whole. The incumbent dinstinction amidst theology(faith) and power and leaded this question, which is superior faith or source? A virtue-ethics approach shows how humanitarian practises can help to build up communuties in their faith as well as empower them as part of development. It maybe the case that two should go together if there is to be lasting semi governmental stability, democracy and development.3theological and spiritual thought process causes debates about the role of the culture on the international politics. The presumed unity of ethics and politics mostly disappered along with it . The concequences of extinction , and the changes in theoretic al perspective entailed other political models or view points . A community is non merely an artificial set of arrangemets between people. An it certainly can non be a moral community. Humans create the state out of their own ego interest means that the state can exist only so long as it appeals to peoples sinful needs rather than to any substance for virtue tahat e denies most possess in any case. And in like manner people obey law because it is in their self interest to do so, not because they believe it is the morally correct thing to do so. For him does not consider political activity to be natural to people nor does he believe that people engage in politics for y reason except promoting their own self interest. The article analyzes several specific theological views on multiculturalism in world politics, including religious pluralism, apologetics and syncretism.4Each of these perspectives challenge the exclusivist views of religion.Theological pluralism has umteen similar ities with liberalism, yet analyses more deeply and ultimately challenge liberalisms paradise presuppositions. On the other hand, apologetics is a dialogical processes which are designed to overcome the problems associated with alterity apologetics is a dialogical processes which are designed to overcome the problems associated with alterity. Syncretist religious ethics points to the contingency and multiplicity of identity. Taking these approaches seriously may well resonate with the aspects of the English School.5It shouldnt be ignored that traditional preoccupation with the problem of power in assessing the pass judgment of theological ethics. Stressing power similarities and differences, and differences including whether religious practices reinforce or challenge prevalent scotch and political structures of power is a contribution to the study of religion.PART IIWAR, SECURITY, AND RELIGIONOften the political resurgence of religious communities is go with by knock-down-and -drag-out clashes in and between nations among others. We can give as examples the bloody conflicts in Algeria, Bosnia, East Timor, Kashmir, Nigeria, Palestine and Sri Lanka. Primordialists argue that differences in religious traditions should be viewed the most distinguished variable to explain violent interactions in and between nations. The resurgence of religion represents a big challenge to the exist emplacement quo. Primordialists argue that differences in religious traditions should be viewed the most important variable to explain violent interactions in and between nations.6Instrumentalists think that conflicts may be aggravated by divergent religious creeds but they verify that the yare rarely if ever caused by them. According to them, the correlation between violent clashes and resurgence of religion is not surprising but it is necessary.7By contrast, ascertain constructivists argue that acts of violence requiers legitimization and religion and religious leaders provi de such legitimization.8 on that point is three theorethical perspectives on the impact of faith on political conflict primordialism, instrumentalism, and moderate constructivism. In this view, cultural similarities and dissimilarities produce converging and diverging state interests. Most religious conflicts in international politics are asymmetric. States which have similar religious traditions and cosmologies allow want to form alliances against whom they allocate little cultural and religious ideas. Violence will be for the most part confines to interactions that take place between civilizations.Under the conditions of scarcity and prize pluralism, conflicts among groups are a universal feature of social life. They can not be avoidedbut must be taken as a end up of human nature.9The sources of conflicts are usually very complex. Religious f imposters sometimes dissipation a subordinate role as a source of conflicts.There is four determinants of elites strategic choices. T he first one is the degree of mobilization depends on the nature of conflict. The second one is the degree of mobilization depends on the self-sacrificing attitudes of the groups members. The more commited the more to invest time and resources, the more practicable will be. The other determinant is the degree of mobilization depends on the relationship between the conflict parties. And lastly, the degree of societal support depends on the public confession for the use of violence.Also there is two conditions for a successful writ of execution of the dialogue strategy. First, there is a dilemma between the different religious communuties. Before they resist against the violence, they have to be sure about the other communuties do the same. If this does not happen,peace would become the stupid according to conservative scholars. Secondly, all great religious communuties are more or less abstruse in violent political clashes.The sources of conflicts are usually very complex. Religi ous factors sometimes play a subordinate role as a source of conflicts.Since the end of the Cold War, conflicts and wars are less because of political or ideological systems. And also they are not much caused by economic motives or territorial and because of gaining power. The motivations of conflicts are increasingly related to culture and identity. Or in other words, conflicts cause by ethnic or clash of civilizations. The resurgence of religion represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. And also they are not much caused by economic motives or territorial and because of gaining power.Most religious conflicts in international politics are asymmetric. Often secular states are attacked by religious groups. A threat from a religious group known for using terrorist methods. And this situation for the most part seen as a direct threat to sovereignty of the state.A religious attack on a secular state can be seen as one of the three main ways in which religion can be addresse d within the realm of security politics10A religious group is considered to be a threat to the natural selection of the state.Faith is seen as threatened by whoever or whatever nonreligious actor or process (the state, technology, industrialism, modernism, etc.).Faith is seen as threatened by another(prenominal) religious discourse or actor.Especially securitization on behalf of secularization against fundamentalism justifies many violations of democracy and civil liberties around the world. From a secular platform, religion as such can be depicted as a threat to political culture. On this issue international relations theory is not neutral observer as it pretends to be. It is implicated by its own secularist self perception.11PART IIIPOLITICIZING RELIGION TOWARD A NEW GLOBAL ETHOS?Inclusivism strives for a religious identitiy that exceed the locus of the sovereign state and the time roll of the present it alternatively rests on a future fulfillment. Inclusivist religion can help to diminish the obstacles to a needed and desirable reconciliation of science, reason and sprituality.12Religion can bring clarity and charity to debates about a range of grievances regarding past abuses.Humane global govarnance can only ocur as the outcome of human struggle and to past efforts to overcome colonialism, slavery.The cultural fragment between East and West was historically neat and rigid. Between Christian and Islamic spiritualism we can see familiar themes, but also a kind of sea change. In the Islamic context, intellectual spirituality is not a compact movement and it subscribe to a incorporated doctrine.Desecularization becomes a very important dimension of the intellectual and historical context. In this context, religion becomes an increasingly important factor in transnational and international relations. Because of the significance of religion in political arena, the Islamic resurgence in twentieth century viewed as the rise of political Islam. As a consequen ce, while the resurgence involves many dimensions, its political impacts received more attention. political Islam have many types of movements. There have been movements advocating internal legal reform, the variety of social institutions through legislation as well as social persuasion, revolutionary change of the political regime or political system. The resurgence of political Islam represents a big challenge to the existing status quo. And also it means that it is a challenge to political systems institutions and their moral and intellectual foundations.13The context of international relations has been experiencing significant transformations. Many older slogans, paradigms and ideologies that had shaped conceptual frameworks have been discredited or replaced. The collapse of Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War encouraged many to look for and identify clean global threats, in the raw enemies and conflicts. For some, political Islam became the next threat and global terror ism. however the realities of Muslim politics reflect a more complex and participating reality.The resurgence of religion and ethnicity has been global. Relations between Islam and the West show a process of conflict and change. Islamic jihads and Western clash of civilizations face new realities. Islamically inspired schools, medical clinics,hospitals, social services and financial institutions increased. Islamic parties demo their ability to participate within the system and provide a political alternative to the regimes.slamic activists served in cabinets became prime ministers and presidents.14The terrorism of 11 September highlighted the importance of the struggle within the Muslim world between the violent jihadist wad and the visions of pluralism and dialogue.15

The use of HRM in public sector

The give of HRM in adult maleity atomic number 18naThis assignment seeks to produce an analysis and captious evaluation of how merciful election counselling has been used as a lever of motley in the familiar sphere of influence. It impart consider change in its organisational context and the rational for and purpose of the change. It will confusablely look at the involvement of the stakeholders and the climb been followed to bring or so the change. The factors that enamour the change and its triggers will also b e analyzed. The role of humanity mental imagery focus and how it has been used to bring rough change and subway to change will also be looked into in the course of this work.The starting signal stratum of the increment of semi national attention, check to McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002), was the minimal distinguish. Here, regime readiness was seen as a necessary evil and the preparation of almost if not all the domain works were by m eans of with(predicate) common soldier provision (Owen 1965). However, it was during that item that that the elemental principles of common brand provision were laid out.The second stage of the development of commonplace management started in the twentieth century and was characterized by an unequal partnership surrounded by the judicature and the private firmament McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002). Here, there was an ideological shift from the tralatitious conservatism which obtained in the first stage towards affable advanceism and Fabianism as cited by (Prochaska, 1989). This shift consort to them contained three elements which beA recasting of social and economic problems away from a focus on on blaming non-homogeneous(prenominal)s to a apprehension of those problems as societal issues which concerned everybodyThe recognition that the state did indeed have a legitimate role to at least provide some mankind availAnd thirdly, in a situation where the stat e did not provide the earthly concern operate, it chooseed to get down into a partnership with the private sector to provide such, even though the state would have more than to do.This baby-sit accord to (Kamerman and Kahn, 1976) is where the state provided the basic minimum and the kind and private sectors took it up from there.The third stage is the well-being state which harmonize to (Beveridge, 1948) cited in McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002), is base on the belief that charitable and private sectors had failed in there provision because of the duplication and fragmentation of the religious service provided, because their service was inefficient and in gear upive. Consequent upon these, the provision of these go would now be managed by professional public servants.The final stage, which is what obtains today, is the plural state. This stage came about as a resultant of the noviceisms against the welf atomic number 18 state. The focus of the welf be state was on the provision of a minimum standard of service to the citizens save late on in the twentieth century, the perceived postulate of the citizens had move on to a situation where they expected work to meet their individual needs and to be a part of the solve of the service auction pitch (Mischra, 1982) cited in McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002).However, the debate became more focused in the 1990s because this adept-quarter approach became characterized as the sunrise(prenominal) macrocosm attention. This is because as posited by (Dunleavy, 1991) this approach to public management was based on an incisive critic of bureaucratism as the organizing principle inside public administration, a concern with the readiness of public administration to secure the economic, efficient and effective provision of public services (Hughes, 1997), and a concern for the excesses of professional billet indoors the public services and the consequent disempowerment of service users (Falc pe erlessr and Ross, 1999).In spite of the fact that delaying debate as to the exact nature of bran- unsanded commonplace Management, its uncorrupted formation according to (Hood, 1991) in McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002) is made up of sevensome doctrines which area hands on and entrepreneurial management in gustatory perception to the traditional bureaucratic focus of the public administrator (Clark and bare-assedman, (1993)explicit standards and measures of accomplishment (Osborns et al, 1995)an emphasis on output controls (Boyne 1999)the importance of the aggregation and decentralisation of public services (Pollit et al, 1998)promotion of competition in the promotion of public services (Walsh, 1995)emphasis on private sector styles of management (Wilcox and Harrow, 1992) andthe promotion of delay and parsimony in resource allocation (Metcalf and Richards, 1990).In addition to these seven doctrines is the one posited by (Stewart, 1966) cited in McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002) which is of the taking away of political stopping point making from the direct management of public services.However, the unseasoned Labour government has interpreted it a stage further from the plural stage. This is because it is argued that the view of some(prenominal) the public management and the New humans Management is myopic which according to (Clark and Stewart, 1998) in McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002) is from a narrow focus on the commercialiseization of public services and towards an emphasis upon residential district governance. In this situation, the public sector is no seven-day seen save in relation to the government a planner or service provider, only if as working unitedly with the government, voluntary and community sectors and the private sector in the planning, management and provision of public services. Here, according to (Rhodes, 1996 Kickert et al, 1997), the main travel of the government forces the management of the intricate s ystem of service provision.New Public Management according to (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994) is a way reorganizing public sector bodies to bring their management, reporting, and accounting approaches closer to aid methods. This re makeup involves the devil main ways that the public sector organization is structured by moving it down-grid and down-group as opined by (Douglas, 1982). Down-grid according to him is when there is a decrease of powers by procedural rules over issues ilk staff. Down- group on the former(a) hand is a situation where the public sector is made little distinctive as a unit from the private sector in relation to personnel, reward structure and in methods of doing business.This shift resulted in budgets been reworked to become more attractive in accounting ground and organizations became a entanglement of contracts linking incentives to execution (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994). Again, functions were separated by introducing distinctions between the purchaser and provider and commencement competition between agencies, firms and not-for-profit bodies. Also, provider roles were deconcentrated to the minimum coat feasible sized agencies, digesting users to exit from one provider to another. These according to (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994), was for the purpose of better service delivery.According to (Polsby, 1984) in (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994), New Public Management quarter be influential in at least two modes based on past experience of organizational change. The first is the incubated mode when change ideas only come into effect in the massive run and the acute origin pattern, in which change architectural plans reach there peak early and apply up soon after. However, New Public Management seems to be a mix of twain modes. This may be as a result of New Public Management now been so omnipresent in public sector organizations that it hardly amounts to a distinctive change programme anymore (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994).As opined by (Dunleavy an d Hood, 1994), New Public Management has prove a fairly durable and consistent agenda scarce according to McLaughlin, Osborne and Ferlie (2002), New Public Management may weaken the accountability of public services and the commitment of the community in the pursuit towards marketization. This has brought to the fore, the criticisms of New Public Management which fall into four groups. Though these four broad criticisms of New Public Management contradict themselves, some important lessons can be learnt from them.The fatalist critique of organizational change going by the side of (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994) is that the basic problems of public sector management which include system failure, tender-hearted mistakes and corruption cannot be done away with, not even by New Public Management. Fatalists are of the opinion that there is really not much change going on in spite of parvenufound acronyms and control frameworks promoted by New Public Management and that the much talked ab out systems have failed.From the point of view of the individualist critique, New Public Management is somewhere between the traditional structure of public administration and a fully formed system which is based on enforceable contracts and the efficacious skillfuls of individuals. Individualists see New Public Management as becoming a kind of replacement for fully individualized contract rights (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994).The hierarchist critique is that human beings have the ability to manage nature in a define way but that care should be taken so that the process of change does not get out of hand thereby change the public sector. There worry is that as a result of the changes, the ethical motive of traditional public service will be removed together with the career concept and the redesign of public sector organizations (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994).The egalitarian critic is centered on the premise that problems could arise if concentration of organizational power and decision ma king are left with the elite because a largish scale marketizing reform will increase the risks of corruption in the public service. This is because New Public Management emphasizes a management that is close to the customer, the decentralization of service delivery and giving clients a choice (Dunleavy and Hood, 1994). valet imaginativeness MANAGEMENT AND diverseness IN THE NHSAccording to Armstrong (2006), the nature of interaction between kind-hearted choice Management and performance, and in particular the search for a definite and conclusive evidence of the positive bear upon of kind-hearted choice Management on performance cannot be underestimated. The impact of the NHS intend on the workforce has been expressed through the man imaginativeness in the NHS Plan which has formed the basis for the development of a variety of benignant Resource Management policies focused on making the NHS a mildew employer and ensuring that the NHS provides a model career by offering a Skills Escalator, improving the morale of staff, and building people management skills led to the launching of a unfermented workforce strategy by the middle of the decade. human race Resource Management systems and work outs have a laid down framework which involves other organisational factors like structural arrangements. Based on this, Brown (2004) observed that while changes to the public sector over the last twenty have had a material impact on employees of public sector organizations and the conditions under which employees work, limited notion has been minded(p) to the specific field of Human Resource Management seek in relation to the public sector. In the UK which is the focus of this study, government has lay a high importance on the value of strategic Human Resource Management in improving the delivery of healthcare reforms. Towards the exercise of this, local trusts of the NHS are bring forwardd to adopt a best business practice approach by, according to (B ach, 1994), engaging all staff through people management processes. This idea of Human Resource Management in the public sector establishes that Human Resource Management is a major(ip) influence in public sector change but theoretically, there has to be a scope for the Human Resource function within trusts to adopt a more strategic role within the New Public Management (Stock et al, 1994). According to (Corby, 1996) it should no longer be consigned to a reactive and administrative role, interpreting and applying national rules, and can be proactive.As opined by Barnett et al (1996) the Human Resource function within the NHS is characterised traditionally by low credibility, a narrow routineal contribution and a peripheral position. According to (Brown, 2004), the bureaucratic and the management models of public sector operation and activity are compared to discern the ways in which employment and organizational issues are conceptualized in each model. The manner in which the insti tutional, policy, and organizational changes impact public sector employment and conditions of service are explored. Higher managerial objectives as posited by (Kramar, 1986) are achieved through effective Human Resource practices offered by adopting HRM principles. It can be argued then that the adoption of New Public Management has thrown the possibility of managers acquiring or developing train Human Resource Management techniques open. This is because New Public Management principles allows a more pliable and responsive approach to questions of recruitment, selection, retention, training and development of NHS employees. This is because according to (Tyson and Fell, 1992 Tyson, 1995 Storey, 1992 Ulrich, 1997), for Human Resource functions to play a strategic as remote to a tactical or administrative role, it has to be distinguished by a focus on the long term, linking business and Human Resource strategic objectives and forward planning.The application of HRM principles withi n the public sector displaced the traditional model of personnel administration and was argued to have been introduced when the sector experienced a shift from a rule-bound culture to a performance-based culture (Shim, 2001) and paralleled the extensive public sector managerial restructuring and reform programme with the new models of HRM in the public sector highlighting the notion of human resources having the capacity to achieve performance outcomes in line with the strategic direction of the public sector organization (Gardner and Palmer, 1997). With particular reference to the UK, a number of distinctive features of public sector management include more attention to issues of health, safety and welfare of staff. another(prenominal) feature is the tendency of public employment practices to be standardized, with workers performing similar tasks and also having the same terms and conditions regardless of their geographical spread, high levels of fraternity density across public s ector organizations (Winchester and Bach, 1995) and also the emphasis on staff development and equal opportunities typifies the State as a model employer (Farnham and Horton, 1992).According to (Truss 2003), there are currently some policies and management initiatives that are transforming the structure and organization of the NHS. The current role of Human Resource Management in the NHS, its status within the service, and its success as an effective function have become especially important at this time as opined by (Bach 2001, Clarke 2006).As a result of these, the growing importance of the Human Resource function is particularly clear in situations where individual NHS trusts are granted greater financial and operational independence within the more and more competitive, consumer driven market that the government is creating. This is in spite of the argument by some commentators that changes in the role and status of HRM in the public sector merely follow orientations developed in the private sector (Buchan 2000 Thomason 1990).However, Human Resource practitioners within the NHS see it from a different perspective. According to them, the entrance of more efficient people management is an important and necessary development, one that is very important in an environment where peopleare not only the service providers, but also the product and customer of healthcare services.A change in Human Resource functions was one of the reforms that took place in the NHS and its purpose was to cut through bureaucracy and red-tapism and ensure cost-efficiency and posture in the system through a process of decentralization. Decentralization within the NHS was based on the NHS and Community Care Act of 1990. This Act created both the internal market and ego governing trusts, and introduced a division and marketization of transaction between health care providers and purchasers Lloyd (1997). Decentralization is the transfer of authority or responsibility for decision mak ing, planning, management or resource allocation from government to its field units, administrative units, regional or functional authorities, private entities and non-governmental private or charity organizations. According to (Rondinelli and Cheema, 1983 Rondinelli et al., 1989 Hope, 2000 Sarker, 2003 Elliot and Bender 1997), decentralization acknowledges that for service provision to be effective, different approaches must be adopted in various area of public sector and the necessity to construct pay structures to take a hop these needs. In turn, this has resulted in both more diverse and more flexible pay arrangements. Consequently, the main advantage of decentralization and of delegated responsibility for pay is that it encourages, management to develop a reward strategy that is consistent with an agencys wider strategic goals. delegate responsibility for pay to agencies may be viewed as a mechanism for stimulating agencies to develop an explicit and consistent set of strate gic goals in order to satisfy their customers. The main aim of the decentralization process was to encourage trusts to determine pay locally. The central theme of the modernization pay reform was that it should be based on performance.The main thrust of the Agenda for diverseness within the NHS is the payment of employees based on their performance and as per their skills and knowledge. However, this was not only a new way of paying employees, it was developed to fight down and enable improvement for patients, employees and the organization. This according to (Department of Health, 2009), allowed for equality of pay, pay re-structuring and transparency. The Human Resource function was used to bring about this change in terms of job evaluation, harmonizing terms and conditions of service and through the knowledge and skills framework.PLANNED CHANGEAs a concept, the process of change starts with the awareness of a need for change. An analysis for the need for change and the factors that lead to it will now be an indicator of the direction in which action needs to be taken (Armstrong, 2006). Proponents of change management have proposed two forms of the process which are aforethought(ip) and emergent. Planned change has dominated the theory and practice of change management over the last 50 years and is noteworthyly based on the work of Kurt Lewin. This approach sees organisational change as a process that moves from one fixed state to another through a series of pre- be after steps, and can therefore be analysed by a construct such as Lewins (1951) Action Research model. Another planned approach to organisational change is Lewins (2003)Three-step model which describes the three learning stages of freezing when one clings to what one knows, unfreezing when one explores ideas, issues and approaches, and refreezing the stage of identifying, utilising and integrating values, attitudes and skills with those previously held and currently desired. This approach rec ognises that, before any new demeanour can be adopted successfully, the old one has to be made away with. Only then can the new behaviour be fully accepted.The organisational change that was carried out in the NHS embodies some of the characteristics of the planned model, defined by (Iles and Sutherland, 2001) as implementation of some known new state through the management of some form of transitional chassis over a controlled period of time. This came about when politicians and health care professionals recognize some degree of change was necessary in the UK health sector in order to facilitate better healthcare delivery services. In response to the intention, government embarked on series of health program reforms to effect positive changes in the healthcare. Governments health reforms have concentrated on infirmarys, but increasingly shifting their attention to NHS community services. Governments plan is to improve long term healthcare outcomes for individual patients while r educing the cost pressures on the system as a whole. Proposals include more outreach clinics, a uniform healthcare checkup, and conjugated-up care plans. This plan of action by the government is based on a model that will make healthcare services affordable and closer to the patients.The governments proposals on change are aimed at the by-lineBringing some specialties out of the hospital nearer to people, including dermatology, ear, nose and throat, orthopedics and gynecology would be achieved either through outreach clinics run by hospital consultants or specialist services provided for by GPsIntroducing a new coevals of community hospitals that will provide diagnostics, minor surgery, outpatient facilities and access to social services in one locationPilot a new NHS biography check or health MoT from 2007 to assess peoples lifestyle risks, the right steps to take and provide referrals to specialists if neededThe life check will be run on a two-stage basis with patients first pick in a paper-based or online self-assessment.If the assessments indicate the person is at significant risk of poor health for conditions such as diabetes, cancer or heart disease, the individual would then be given access to a health trainer who could advise about diet and exercise. If problems are more complex, patient would be referred to a GP or nurse confide patients a guarantee of registration on to a GP practice list in their locality and simplifying the system for doing thisIntroducing incentives to GP practices to offer fount times that respond to the needs of patients in their areaConsideration was given to dual registration allowing patients to register with more than one GP but was thrown out because it would undermine the underlying principles of the family doctor systemNew responsibilities placed on local councils and the NHS to work together to provide joined up care plans for those who need themSupporting people to improve self care by trebling the investment i n the Expert Patient Programme, which teaches patients with long-run illnesses, such as asthma and diabetes, how to control their conditionDeveloping an schooling prescription for people with long-term health and social care needs and for their carersMore support for carers, including improved emergency respite arrangements and the establishment of a national helpline for carersExtension of direct payments and piloting of individual budgets for social care to allow people to decide what their allocations are spent onincrease the quantity and quality of primary care in under-served, deprived areas through a national procurement programme which would open the GP market to the private and voluntary sectorsEncourage nurses and other health professionals, such as physios, to take on more responsibilitySet up pilots to allow patients to self-refer themselves to professionals other than GPs, who currently act as gatekeepers to the NHS (www.news.bbc.co.uk)REFERNCESArmstrong, M. C. (2006) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 10th Ed, London, Kogan Page.Bach, S. (2001) HR and New Approaches to Public sphere Management Improving HRM Capacity. Workshop on Global Health workforce Strategy, World Health Organization, Annecy, France.Brown, K. (2004) Human Resource Management in the Public sphere. Public Management Review, 6(3), pp 303-309.Buchanan, J. (2000) Health Sector Reform and Human Resources Lessons from the fall in Kingdom. Health Policy and Planning, 15(3), pp 70-89.Clark, N. (2006) Why HR Policies fail to support work learning The Complexities of Policy Implementation in Healthcare. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(1), pp 190-206.Department of Health. (2009) Agenda for Change.Dunleavy, P. and Hood, C. (1994) From Old Public Administration to New Public Administration Public Money and Management, 14(3), pp 9-16.Lloyd, C. (1997) Decentralization in the NHS Prospects for workplace Unionism, British Journal of Industrial Relatio ns, 35(3), pp 427-446.McLaughlin, K., Osborne, S. P, and Ferlie, E. (2002) New Public Management- Current Trends and coming(prenominal) Prospects, (EDs) Abingdon, Routledge.Thomason, G. F. (1990) Human Resource Strategies in the Health Sector. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1(3), pp173-194.Truss, C. (2003) Strategic HRM Enablers and Constraints in the NHS International Journal of Public Sector Management, 16(1), pp 48-60.http//www.dh.gov.uk/en/Managingyourorganization/Humanresourceandtraining/Modernizingpay/Agendaforchange/DH_424 (Accessed 19 April 2010)http//www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/2002/08/feature/uk/0208103f.htm (Accessed 19 April 2010)http//www.healthcaresupply.org.uk/pdfs/hrinthenhsplan.pdf (Accessed 21 April 2010)http//www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/events/owt/10301 (Accessed 3 may 2010)http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4662024.stm (Accessed 3 May 2010)KENECHUKWU O. AKABUA0823583MA HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTHR 4062 HRM AND CHANGE.

Portrayal Of Women In Chronicle Of Death English Literature Essay

Portrayal Of Women In Chronicle Of Death English restrains EssayWomen, gener each(prenominal)y play many roles in their lives and their portrayal of their vulcanized fiber differs from different narratives. We see various personalities of women characters in the novel chronicle of a death foretold and the Theban play Antigone. The main characters I would be analyzing are Antigone, Ismene and Angela Vicario.Although ancient Greece was a male dominated society, Antigone written by Sophocles portrays women as being strong and capable of making wise decisions on their cause without any support from men. In this famous tragedy, Sophocles uses the characters Ismene and Antigone to show the different characteristics and roles that adult egg-producing(prenominal) is typical of interpreting. Traditionally women are characterized as weak and inferior and Ismene is visualized in this way. Through the character of Antigone, women finally get to hand over virtual(prenominal) racks abou t their character.The stereotypes presented in this tragedy address many perspectives of men at this time. Antigones spirit is alter with bra genuinely, passion and rebellion which allow her to symbolize the rattling essence of women. She is strong enough to do what her conscious tells her despite the laws of the land, roundabout by the king. Many examples in the play prove that Antigones character is very capable of making her consume decisions in the name of justice. First, Antigone opposes Creons law and buries her chum salmon Polyneices because in her mind it wasnt right to accept this discrimination. She does this because she is compassionate and loves her brother very much. Creon believes that his laws must be obeyed and would do any occasion to prevent any type rebelling against them, particularly by a charr.He is even more infuriated when he learns that a woman has broken his laws, this was highly an unexpected task through with(p) by a woman, this showed that the w oman were portrayed as weak characters incompetent of even thinking to break the laws set by the land. Secondly, Antigone shows how determined she is by accepting her consequences with pride. She does not try to hide that she is responsible for breaking Creons laws moreover, she takes all the credit for her doings. All the while she maintains her strength because she truly believes in her actions. These sorts of actions in the long run prove that Antigone is courageous and willing to stand up to men, which was completely against the norm at this time. Her spirit refuses to submit to the role of a jockstrapless woman bid her sister Ismenes character does.Ismene is described to be a coward and refuses to help her sister because she feared men. Her character is a close representation of the viewpoints of the male sexual practice regarding women. She is subordinate and weak-willed. She refuses to stand up to Creon due to her fears even though in her heart she knows that his laws ar e morally wrong and unacceptable. This type of behavior in famous works of art is very common for women to behave like this. Ismene proclaims, We are moreover women, we cannot fight with men, Antigone this proves that she is unwilling to do the right thing if it means standing up to a man. Another example of how trepid Ismene is portrayed is when she tries to take credit for burying her brother with Antigone. She is so panicked that she will be left all alone without Antigone that she is willing to break with her. Then when he realizes she had no part in the crime does he describes her as, .she never had a mind at all. (Sophocles, pg.208) The play is also filled with instances of a sexist male viewpoint.Creon states,1If we must lose, lets lose to a man, at least. Is a woman stronger than we? This is evidence that Creon does not see women as equals to men. He feels that women have no rights to break the laws and therefore, must be punished for their irrationality. He eventually re alizes that he has offended the Gods with his actions as ruler of Thebes. It is not until his own wife kills herself because of his tyranny against humanity does he realize his mistakes. This is way too late to redeem his lost loved ones or take binding his disrespect toward women.The Greek tragedy Antigone by Sophocles is one of the dramatic plays that ostentation the different roles women play in society. The two sisters Ismene and Antigone portray major female characteristics. While Antigone plays the role of a strong and sensible woman, Ismene portrays the typical henpecked and mild role. The character of Creon demonstrates through his tyrant rule, the sexist male viewpoint of the ancient Greek world. This play proves that gender disparity has always been present in society since many centuries ago.In the novel chronicle of a death foretold the main female character we encounter in the book is Angela Vicario, who is the bride of the groom named Bayardo san Roman. She is in m any ways one of the main characters in the story, and has the strongest narrative voice. In addition, she is center of the mystery that the narrator is trying to unravel, since she is the only one who knows whether or not Santiago was truly the one who took her virginity, and she body mysterious at the end of the story because she never reveals whether or not he was guilty.

E-Commerce Makes Life Better ! Essay -- E-Commerce Internet

E-Commerce Makes Life Better E-commerce means that the company runs their line of credit online, non like the traditional business way. We have to go the sponsorping middle or store to get goods that we need, E-Business is the enabling of electronic communication betwixt any two or to a greater extent participants in a business relationship. It helps companies capture abroad business field, cost saving, and securities industry opportunity. E-commerce is an important reckon that is making peoples lives more efficient. This is the report according to the horizon I did in IUP. Seven out of ten people posit they prefer to buy goods from e-commerce. The actor is they said that it is convenient and time saving. match to the survey some of them agree that the service is fast. For an example, the delivery is fast. If you purchase something from e-commerce you lead get the stuff within two weeks time. Beside that, the price is slightly cheaper than those goods in the shopping mall. But it depends on season, if you buy goods during the clearance season, such as New Year sale, summer sale or winter gross sales goods in the shopping mall probably will be cheaper than goods that exsert in the e-commerce. Seven out of ten people prefer market form, which mean that you know the price and information. You weed buy it on the spot. So it saves time compared to bid form. If you choose bid form to buy things, most of the time you sack up get it cheaper but it take a long-dated time. And you cant confirm that you will get the product. So that the reason why most of them choose market form. In addition, the product gauge more or less the same as the product in the shopping center. For the security aspect. I had to interview a girl. He... ...sides that, you also can learn other things from e-commerce. Such as we can learn more about the business cycle, and what consumer needs. So you know what strain of product that is desirable in that period of time. For an example, remote-control car and cameras are the best product to cope during the summer, because most of the people like to do outdoor activities, so that kind of product is easy to sell. In conclusion, e-commerce makes our life much more easier, because it saves time, we can get our goods with in a short period of time, other than that it connects to businesses around the world, we can buy goods that we cant get from the local market. The furthest thing we also can get goods that are not useable in the shopping mall and with the cheaper price. As I know, using e-commerce to shop online is the right choice for because it is so convenient.

Celine Dion :: essays research papers

Celine Dion, the youngest of 14 children, was born(p) on March 30th, 1968 in Charlemagne, Quebec, Canada. Charlemagne is on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, on the east end of the Montreal Island. She has Hazel eyes and is 5 feet 7.5 inches tall. Her qualities atomic number 18 self-determination, professionalism and discipline. She is so disciplined that she has actually spent three weeks without making any goodly to give her vocal cords a rest. She does have her failings though. She is sometimes impatient, specially in the mornings. Her lucky number is five. She even keeps a five-cent coin that was minted in 1968, that she found on the ground. Her favorite perfume is Channel 5, and her favorite alter are black, white and red. Celine collects miniature cups and crystal objects. She also collects shoes, having over cd pairs She enjoys snow and water skiing, and roller blading. Her second career choice would be to be a professional model, and her favorite musical instr ument is a piano. Celine&8217s favorite female singers are Natalie Cole, Barbara Streisand, and Ginette Reno, and her favorite male singers are Stevie Wonder and Micheal Jackson. Micheal Jackson even sent her a signed characterisation stating &8220To Celine with love., (Http//www.celineonline.com/bio1.html.) and the hat he wore in the Billy Jean clip, which was also signed. Her number one name comes from a song (Celine, sang by Hugues Aufray and written in 1966 by Vline Buggy) that her produce was singing while she was pregnant. Celine has a large family. Her mother is Therese Tanguay Dion, and her father is Adhemar Dion. She also has eight sisters Denise, Claudette, Liette, Louise, Ghislaine, Linda, Manon, and Pauline. Her five brothers are Clement, Michel, Jacques, Daniel, and Paul. Paul and Pauline are twins. Celine&8217s family is very musical. Claudette, and Michel have both recorded albums, and Michel is array of a band named Le Show. Celine&8217s parents own Le vieux Bari l (The mature Barrel), a piano-bar restaurant in their hometown. The children did waitressing and singing for the customers. Adhemar play the accordion and Therese played violin, while the children sang. Celine first stood on top of a table and sang a Ginette Reno song when she was only five She also sang a song at her brother Michel&8217s wedding. The town&8217s populate called her &8220la p&8217tite Quebecoise, or &8220the little Quebecer. When Celine was 12, she and her mother wrote the song Ce n&8217etait qu&8217un reve (It was only a dream).

Cystic Fibrosis Essay -- Biology Genetic Defect

CF is caused by an inherited recessive genetic defect that is most prevalent in the white population. About 1 in 23 people in the United States carry at least one defective gene, fashioning it the most common genetic defect of its severity. CF patients suffer from chronic lung problems and digestive disorders caused by a cellular defect in the ship of chloride ion. The problem in chloride handling results in loss of chloride in confinement which, in fact, is the basis for the clinical diagnosis of CF. As a consequence of the lesion in chloride transport patients lungs become covered with sticky mucus which is difficult to remove and can promote infection by bacteria. umpteen people with CF require frequent hospitalizations and continuous usage of antibiotics, enzyme supplements, and early(a) medications. In the past, the life prediction of people with CF used to scarcely be 8 years. However, with todays many medical advances, the average life expectancy is just under 30 years and is continuing to increase.Common cystic fibrosis symptoms involve high amounts of salt (sodium and chloride) and potassium in sweat constant quantity coughing and wheezing large amounts of mucus in the lungs recurring pneumonia disaster to gain weight frequent, greasy, bulky, and strong-smelling bowel movements through the small intestine exaggeration of fingertips and toes due to insufficient amount of oxygen in these areas Males with CF are unfertile, and women who have CF can have problems with their menstrual cycles and becoming pregnant. CF slows down sexual development but brings no adverse matter upon it. Cystic Fibrosis Fact or Fiction?Woe to that child which when kissed on the forehead tastes salty. He is... ...olyte composition affects bacterial survival which provides an explanation for why CF air passages are not maintained as a sterile environment. The data speculates that the bactericidal factor produced by airway epithelia may be a defensin-like molecule because it has characteristics of such factors. The results presented in the paper also intimacy the molecular defect in CFTR Cl channels to the pathogenesis of CF lung disease. most(prenominal) importantly the data suggests stark naked approaches for therapy such as measurements of salt stringency and bactericidal activity may be clinically relevant assays for find out the effectiveness of potential therapeutic interventions. The data also raises the possibility that new interventions designed to correct the abnormally high salt concentration in CF fluid could be of benefit in treating or preventing airway infections in people with CF.

A Pioneer Of American Writing Willa Cather :: essays research papers fc

A Pioneer of American physical compositionWilla Cather was born in Virginia in 1873, but moved to northeastward where the existence was diverse. She at tennerded school and as well as was educated at folk. She plotted on becoming a doctor early in life. She go with a local doctor on his house calls and assisted in many an(prenominal) of the examinations. By the time she entered college this was her future. The University of Nebraska accepted her but she had to return her information through writing criticism for the Nebraska State Journal. This is when her calling took a change.After college Willa Cather moved to Pennsylvania where she started to write for a magazine. She overly taught Latin and English in a high school. She moved once more to refreshed York where she wrote for McClures magazine. While researching an article in Boston, other author, Sarah Orne Jewett, cut the endowment fund that Cather possessed. Cather was advised, find her own centre of life, and writ e from that to the world (Jewett). Her childhood is where she run aground this. She visited her brother in Arizona and on her way home she stayed in her hometown in Nebraska to refresh her memories. Cather then went back to Greenwich closure to dwell where she wrote almost all of her romances. She died in 1947 after writing ten novels, of a sudden stories, and a book of essays. Willa Cather contributed much to the world of literature. Willa Cather wrote a graceful, metrical prose that gives abundant dignity to her fiction (Ludwig 16). She reached the climax of her writing c areer with the novel, terminal Comes for the Archbishop. The novel was written in 1927. It shows the importance of the Roman Catholic perform in her life. The characters, Bishop Latour and Father Vaillant, are French clerics. They want to spread the reciprocation of perfection to the Native Americans biography in the Southwest, mainly in the declare of sassy Mexico. They face many effortfulies on their missionary journey. The Spanish living in the region are corrupt and unfair. The land is also difficult for them because it is acidulated and not arable. It is also difficult for them to preach their message because the Indians are of another religion. They do become successful though in achieving their finis of conversion. With detailed recreation of the hard ships of the early church in the sweet World, Willa Cather also displays her characters as being smart and intellectual.A Pioneer Of American Writing Willa Cather essays research papers fc A Pioneer of AmericanWritingWilla Cather was born in Virginia in 1873, but moved to Nebraska where the population was diverse. She attended school and also was educated at home. She planned on becoming a doctor early in life. She accompanied a local doctor on his house calls and assisted in many of the examinations. By the time she entered college this was her future. The University of Nebraska accepted her but she had to pay her tuition through writing criticism for the Nebraska State Journal. This is when her career took a change.After college Willa Cather moved to Pennsylvania where she started to write for a magazine. She also taught Latin and English in a high school. She moved again to New York where she wrote for McClures magazine. While researching an article in Boston, another author, Sarah Orne Jewett, saw the talent that Cather possessed. Cather was advised, find her own centre of life, and write from that to the world (Jewett). Her childhood is where she found this. She visited her brother in Arizona and on her way home she stayed in her hometown in Nebraska to refresh her memories. Cather then went back to Greenwich Village to live where she wrote almost all of her novels. She died in 1947 after writing ten novels, short stories, and a book of essays. Willa Cather contributed much to the world of literature. Willa Cather wrote a graceful, measured prose that gives immense dignity to her fict ion (Ludwig 16). She reached the climax of her writing career with the novel, Death Comes for the Archbishop. The novel was written in 1927. It shows the importance of the Roman Catholic Church in her life. The characters, Bishop Latour and Father Vaillant, are French clerics. They want to spread the Word of God to the Native Americans living in the Southwest, mainly in the state of New Mexico. They face many difficulties on their missionary journey. The Spanish living in the region are corrupt and unfair. The land is also difficult for them because it is harsh and not arable. It is also difficult for them to preach their message because the Indians are of another religion. They do become successful though in achieving their goal of conversion. With detailed recreation of the hard ships of the early church in the New World, Willa Cather also displays her characters as being smart and intellectual.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- essays research papers fc

Alzheimer 1It is inevitable that eventually each of us will grow mature and begin to face more and more health problems as our days rises. Elderly people are challenged by many illnesses and diseases that unfortunately, are incurable. virtuoso disease that mothers more common as people age is Alzheimers disease. Alzheimers a common cause and a form of monomania and house severely damage a patients cognitive functions and can ultimately cause death. Living with Alzheimers disease can be saddening for both the sufferer and the family. Family and friends will find it very toilsome to cope when a loved one begins slipping away and losing warehousing of who they are.Alzheimers disease comes from the last name of a neuro-psychiatrist from Germany, Alois Alzheimer. The disease was firstly diagnosed when a woman in her early fifties began experience remembrance problems. Alzheimer recounted the now famous case of Auguste D. a 51-year-old housewife who had been failing mentally for several years. As a result she had been admitted to his care in the asylum for the Insane and Epileptic (Maurer and Maurer 1). After her death, he continued to examine her champion to find causes and explanations for her behavior. He pauseed classic neuro-pathological signs of plaques and tangles (Maurer and Maurer 1). Plaques are chains of amino acids that are pieces of the amyloid precursor proteintangles are aggregates of the protein tau (Secko 1). As plaques develop they train tangles and these two abnormalities ultimately lead to loss of cognitive function (Secko 1) Alois Alzheimers research has allowed many specialist to conclude that the apolipoproetein E gene whitethorn contribute to the disease.Alzheimer 2The occurrence and deposits of these proteins in the brain and in the carcass may ultimately lead to whether or not someone will be susceptible and diagnosed with Alzheimer disease.Alzheimers disease is rising at a very high rate. The number of new cases per year is estimated at 360,000 equate to 980 new cases per day or 40 new cases every minute of arc (Cummings and Cole 1) This evidence shows that an increasing number of people will discover the effects of a cognitive impairment that will most in all probability be due to Alzheimers disease. As people age, their risk of beingness diagnosed with this disease increases ... ... (Cummings and Cole 1). This astounding figure should encourage people to become aware of the disease and its signs and symptoms so that they are able to seek service of process and medical treatment in the early stages of Alzheimers disease in attempt to live and cope with this condition.Works CitedCummings, Jeffrey L., Cole, Greg. Alzheimer Disease. Journal of the American aesculapian Association. May 2002 287-18. Health Source. EBSCOhost. Utica College Lib. 15 Apr 2005. . Maurer, K., and Maurer, U. Alzheimer The Life of a Physician and the go of a Disease. Journal of the American Medical Association. February 20 05 293-6. Health Source. EBSCOhost. Utica College Lib. 15 Apr 2005. .Santacruz, K. S., and Swagerty, D. premature Diagnosis of Dementia. American Family Physician. February 2001 63-4. Health Source. EBSCOhost. Utica College Lib.15 Apr 2005. .Secko, David. Alzheimers Disease transmittable Variables and Risk. Canadian Medical Association Journal. March 2005 172-5.

In Liam OFlaherty´s The Sniper, all of these are brought to an acute r

In Liam OFlahertys The Sniper, all of these ar brought to an precipitous reality in a maven destroyed city. Strong intellectual convictions and opposing philosophies, due to which people urgency to destroy.The SniperHow does the author depict the turmoil and betrothal in a war-worn cityin The Sniper?Anger, pain, death and remorse- all unpleasant, but all are faced andhandled in every war. In Liam OFlahertys The Sniper, all of theseare brought to an acute reality in a single war-torn city. Strongcerebral convictions and opposing philosophies, due to which peoplewant to destroy the seemingly prostitute plague this world and are themain reason for plight. To aid in his creation of such emotionalconflict, turmoil and plight, the author has portrayed the sniper as avery controversial character. This story is oriented around mavencharacter in the Civil War which he should not level off be in as he ismentioned to be a pupil in the story.The story whose main theme is violence, att empts to chronicle theshort continue of fanaticism that inspires youth that leads to turmoil inthe first place. In this hugger-mugger situation however, fanaticism is whatone may need in hallow to survive and this is exactly what the sniperis facing. This is shown when the sniper is said to be the studentwith the face of an abstinent. He has one task to perform- to kill thesoldiers of the Free States. However, the most main(prenominal) line thatcatches the attention of the reader is the eyes of a man who is utilizeto looking at death. This is very ironic as he was front comparedto a student who is like a symbol for innocence where nowadays he is spokenof as a murderer. He is engrossed in fulfilling his duty and is now astudent of violence.... ...s the life of a soldier.The sanguinary sights in the city of Dublin, torn apart and paralysed withwar and fear is visualized by people bleeding in the gutters till theydie and fast gunfire everywhere followed by a deafening silen ce.Killing is do in cold blood and even then, the sniper maintains calmuntil he kills his enemy sniper on the opposite rooftop. Thiscalmness in goriness clearly justifies the turmoil and the plight thatthe author shows in this short story. The author uses the course andcharacters of the story to map the course of the characters in everyscene of violence everywhere.The emphasis apt(p) to the bloodshed, the war, the loss of life is morethan what is given to the feelings, the people and the life and inthis way Liam OFlaherty has depicted turmoil and plight in thewar-torn city in this short story titled The Sniper.

David And Hamlet :: essays research papers

settlement and David In juncture and The Mountain and the Valley, both literary pieces present us with two sombre characters who live in conflict due to the dichotomy of their temperaments . Both hamlet and David are similar because they are conflicted by foils and similar in the spirit of this tragedy. Each has deep inner problems of conflict. Hamlet is first tormented by the decease of his father, the king of Denmark. Then he is cast into utter throe when Gertrude, the mother he loves dearly is hastily married to his uncle, Claudius. Through a ghostly revelation, Hamlet learns that his suspicions that Claudius murdered his father are true. He becomes incense and wants to enact vindicate upon the guilty party. From this point on, Hamlet struggles with his plan for revenge that conflicts with his opposite contemplative nature. Hamlet does not take the opportunity to get through Claudius as he prays because he believes it will save his soul. His contemplative nature takes over regarding the ghost&8217s revelation and he patch ups to devise a play to pique Claudius&8217 conscience and make sure he is unfeignedly guilty. Whe neer Hamlet denies his true nature, his actions are very harsh. During a heated treatment with his mother Gertrude, he accidentally slays Laertes&8217 father, Polonius, thinking it to be Claudius. Hamlet quick brushes it aside. He also sends his friends , Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to their deaths when he learns of Claudius&8217 plot to have him put to death when he arrived in England as a so called diplomat. Hamlet cannot decide between a flavor of action and revenge, or contemplation and denominate and he is genuinely concerned with the deeper truths upon which his life is ordered- fate and freewill.Ernest Buckler portrays the life of his main character, David Canaan, in conflict, through a slow moving fiction from the valley to the mountain. David is a deeply intellectual character and like Hamlet has a conflicted dich otomous nature. One of his difficulties arise from the death of his girlfriend Effie. He feels guilty and responsible for. Also, when his friend Toby comes to the valley for the first time, David is rupture between making Toby feel comfortable, while at the very(prenominal) time trying to avoid hurting his family&8217s feelings. David also feels freestanding from Joseph, his father, and Chris, his brother, who are much different from him. David is inflicted with an emotional and physical scar which is never healed because of an incident with Chris .

Night by Elie Wiesel Essay -- Night Elie Wiesel Jews Nazi Genocide Es

Night by Elie Wiesel Nobody wants to demand such a morbid curb as Night. There isnt anybody (other than the Nazis and Neo-Nazis) who enjoys reading about things like the tortures, the starvation, and the beatings that heap went through in the concentration camps. Night is a solemn tale of murder and of mans inhumanity towards man. We must, however, read these kinds of books regardless. It is an indefinitely depressing subject, neertheless because of its truthfulness and genuine historic value, it is a invention that we must learn, simply because it is important never to forget. As Robert McAfee dark-brown states in the preface of the memoir the cosmos has had to hear a story it would have preferred not to hear- the story of how a cultured good deal turned to genocide, and how the rest of the world, also composed of cultured people, remained silent in the face of genocide. Elie Wiesel has paid much attention to an inner desire and train to serve humanity by illuminating t he hate-darkened past.Night is a horrify account of a Nazi termination camp that turns Elie Wiesel from a untried Jewish boy into a distressed and grief-stricken witness to the death of his family, the death of his friends, even the death of his own innocence and his faith in G-d. He saw his family, friends and fellow Jews first severely degraded and because sadistically murdered. He enters the camp a child and leaves a man. At the books end, Elie bears little resemblance to the teenage boy who left Sighet some a year earlier. Night is a memoir exquisitely written. Wiesels eloquence makes his descriptions seem terrifyingly real and repulsive. It is a book about what the final solution did, not just to the Jews, but to humanity. People all over the world found themselves affected by this atrocious act. Even today, there atomic number 18 a number of survivors who are tormented by their experience every(prenominal) day of their lives.The Wiesels have, throughout the novel, sever al opportunities to escape Sighet as tumefy as the camp itself, but they are stubborn in their beliefs and garbage to listen to the warnings. Moshe the Beadle, Elies mentor at the beginning of the novel, while Elie is liquid a deeply religious young man, manages to escape the Gestapo in Poland. He returns to Sighet to deliver his message and to try to warn people of the pending situation. The villagers, however, look at Moshe has lost his oral sex, find... ...e was Elies body, but it had not only lost so many pounds to make him look like a walking skeleton, but he had been robbed of its soul as well. This is similar to the loss suffered by people all over the world. Although several survivors are still alive physically, their mind and spirit have long been dead, or at least a large part of it. Recovering his spirit, his personality, even his faith, is, when he is released, is the most tall(prenominal) obstacle for Elie to overcome.Night tells the story of innocent victims. It is the story of people who were undo simply because they were Jews. These people had done nothing and yet were tortured, degraded and liquidated for no other reason other than their faith in the Jewish religion and their semitic racial inferiority. Wiesel is a witness to all the horrible things, and by reading his memoir we too, become witnesses. He is a illustration for all those who cannot bear to speak and to pass the message on to us, the close generation. We are the ones who are obliged to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive. We must take advantage of his eloquence and its importance, which is never to forget, in order never to let this happen again.

Innocent :: Booker T. Washington Slavery Essays

Innocent In the case of Booker T. capital of the United States at one time jakes plainly dismiss the idea of charging him with complacency or sycophancy. much(prenominal) charges are absolutely absurd and freighter be easily disproved. In a time period where the black race was truly looked bulge start upon, disrespected and mistreated, Booker T. capital of the United States sought to do things to bring his people out of the muck they were placed in. Complacency is the act of self-satisfaction accompanied by unawareness of actual dangers or deficiencies. As rural aread by a member of Prosecution, For this trial, complacency is being defined as a state of conscious denial about hazards or oppressions (Blandford 1). How could one believe that this is what Mr. Washington stood for? As brought up by members of the prosecution, Booker T. Washingtons complacency can be seen in the area of education. As stated by Prosecutor Wilson, Washington discusses his disgust with his students preoccupation with the study of foreign language, grammar an arithmetical. Such a statement is not true. Booker T. Washington was rather in favor of the intellectual learning of black. After all, why would such(prenominal) an activist for the betterment of blacks be against their intellectual betterment? At no point in time does Mr. Washington show disgust as portrayed by the prosecution in the area of education. In fact, Washington was in favor for the intellectual incline of his black people. I was primed(p) to start them off on a solid and thorough design so far as their books were concerned(89). Now, does that sound like the quarrel of a man against education? It is just that Booker T. Washington cherished his people to succeed and be the best in all areas of invigoration including that of industrial work. He wanted his students to be well rounded so that after graduation they would be able to get any kind-hearted of job, wheth er it is relying solely on intellectual aspects or that of specific skill or trade. Washington was well aware of the success and independence one can attain from knowing specific skills needed within the society. With this ability, an individual can be self-employed and can always get jobs within the society.

Fern Hill :: essays research papers

The poem "Fern Hill", by Dylan Thomas, is being told by a speaker who is recalling his youthful past. Many experiences, symbols, and metaphors increase the depth of the speakers message to the reader.     An image that is spoke about alot in the poem is the color of gold. Gold is normally used with youthful objects. Gold represents vibrance. Vibrance is usually associated with youth. Gold appears in the next locations"Golden in the heydays of his eyes""Trail with daisies and barley""Golden in the mercy of his means,""And spirt and golden I was huntsman and herdsman, the calves""And the sun grew rophy that very day." "In the sun born over and over," "Before the children green and golden"      A symbol in the poem occurs "And honoured among wagons I was prince of the apple towns." Princes be those who have a lot of political and social power. What separates them from k ings, is that princes ar generally young, at least younger than their fathers.     Many metaphors concerning the opposite of youth, aging, are located in the entirety of the last stanza of the poem.     " Nothing I cared, in the lamb white days, that time would take me      Up to the swallow crowd together loft by the shadow of my hand,      In the moon that is forever and a day rising,      Nor that riding to sleep      I should hear him fly with the high fields      And fire to the farm forever fled from the childless push down.      Oh as I was young and user-friendly in the mercy of his means,      Time held me green and dying      Though I sang in my chains like the sea."     "In the moon that is always rising" reveals that the speaker has experiances what seems like countless days and nights. "The childless land" means that where the speaker was before, everyone has grown up by now.

Limiting the Use of Torture in America Essay -- Criminal Justice Crime

Many social groups as well political groups retain discussed the issue of torture. The elements and basic working of torture have many against it motto it is too cruel and violates Americas 8th amendment. But the interrogatory does arise what do we do if there is a suspect arrange hours before the crime is committed? Or what do we do to those that atomic number 18 known to have committed the severe crime (ie. a series killer that has three victims hidden away) how do we find the victims and such? The usance of torture on individuals that have a reasonable doubt of committed a heinous crime should not happen. Though torture itself in the United States is not allowed. But should torture be allowed, it should only be used on those that committed crimes that can put you on goal row or life in prison. Such as in Oklahoma where if a capital offense sex crimes against a barbarian under 14 years of age when the offender has a former conviction for a similar offense , but also that someone had a victim hidden from the public eyes at the time of the arrest, light torture should be allowed for that ...