Public Policy Approaches to the Control of Pollution

This approach is "in many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) ways the least efficient" (Ruff 28). According to Ruff, "the aim must be to find that level of pollution abatement where the be of further abatement begin to exceed their benefits" (22). Regulatory regime often lack sufficient information to make intelligent decisions concerning how complex pollution problems bathroom be solved efficiently. giving medication can and does set environmental standards, for example, for achieving certain levels of protection of human beings health and safety, but the costs of environmental cleanup and the infallible investments in capital equipment are large. Spence and Weitzman say that "any misunderstanding about those . . . costs and the implied appropriate regulatory activity can cost the economy as a whole many millions of dollars" and that "any regulatory process that involves repeated adjustment to refreshing information [is] costly, time-consuming, and perhaps infeasible" (206 and 209).

In the United States, theme environmental regulatory agencies have set national pollution ascendance standards, but have left much of the saddle for implementing those standards to the states and localities involved. Increasingly, however, in the 1970s and 1980s, progressively stricter and tighter environmental standards were imposed in many areas. Considerable success was achieved in resolving the most(prenominal) critical and simplest pollution control objectives, such as the control of auto emanations. A point of diminishing returns and a reaction

Cicchetti, Charles J. and Kristina M. Sepetys. "Measuring the Effects of Natural resource Damage and Environmental Stigma on Property Value.

" ledger of Environmental Law and Practice, September/October 1995, 28-36.

Much of the debate has come to around the pros and cons of substituting or complimenting effluent or emission standards and permits with pollution charges, taxes and subsidies. Ruff says that "in situations where pollution outputs can be measured more(prenominal) or less directly, the price dust is clearly superior to direct control . . . [beca manipulation it] allocates costs in a panache which is at least superficially decent; those who produce and consume pollution, pay the costs"(31). Resources would be allocated more efficiently as industry strives to achieve competitive reinforcement by finding the most cost effective manner of abating its emissions. Spence says that "effluent charges . . . distribute cleanup activity among sources efficiently" (207). The use of pollution control incentives has been controversial. Some critics argue that they are a license to pollute.

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