1.Introduction
The tarradiddle of literature is the history of literary criticism. The latter as an ally of the former makes productive writing more complementary and helps to conceptualise the pedagogical issue of texts of literature into ideological standpoints. Over the ages, literary theories have been the weapons for the actualisation of this crucial obligation of literary criticism.
In the preface to A History of Literary Criticism (1991) A. N. Jeffares gives no room for some(prenominal) doubt about the kinship of literature, literary criticism and literary theories. He says:
The study of literature requires knowledge of contexts as sanitary as of texts. What kind of person wrote the poem, the play, the novel, the essay? What forces acted upon them as they wrote. What was the historical, the political, the philosophical, the economic, the heathen background etc?
All of these are antecedents to the birth of a feature literary production.
The argument of Jeffares is that for literature to be on course, it becomes politic that a structure is put in place to uncover its meaning beyond the literal level. Broadly, texts of literature would possess deuce levels of meaning - the literal and the super-literal.
The super-literal meaning of texts of literature is the ideological price reduction of the same; which criticism attempts to resolve. The task of resolving the crisis engendered in literary texts is possible through the formulation of some principles, parameters and paradigms which are technically termed theories. Theories are meant to interpret and evaluate works of literature with the take care of revealing the in-depth implications of such works.
This chapter identifies and discusses some of these theories that have formed the canons for the prudish understanding of literature in the modern times. Modernity in this context is with reference to those theories of criticism that have flourished from the twentieth hundred up to date.
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